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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2026, V. 23, No. 5, pp. 350-362

Retrieval of emissivity and wind speed for inland water bodies of limited size using the example of Gorky Reservoir based on data from Jason-1, -2, -3 microwave radiometers

O.S. Ermakova 1 , N.S. Rusakov 1 , E.I. Poplavsky 1 
1 Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Accepted: 06.08.2026
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2026-23-5-350-362
Retrieval of surface emissivity for inland water bodies of limited size was performed using data from Jason-1, -2, -3 microwave radiometers (frequencies 18 and 34 GHz) and ERA5 (ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) Reanalysis fifth generation) data for atmospheric correction. The methodology is based on solving the inverse problem within a one-dimensional radiative transfer model and accounts for the spatial resolution of the radiometer through convolution with the antenna pattern. A distinctive feature of the approach is wind field calibration: a comparison of ERA5 data with measurements from an autonomous weather station installed in the southern part of Gorky Reservoir revealed a systematic underestimation of wind speed in the reanalysis, on the basis of which a correction of the ERA5 data was performed. An empirical parameterization of emissivity as a function of the corrected wind speed was obtained, and, based on it, using an existing parameterization for freshwater lakes, the dependence of emissivity on whitecap fraction was derived. It is shown that for Gorky Reservoir, the whitecap fraction values lie in the range of 0.1–1.0 %, which is consistent with theoretical estimates for freshwater lakes. The developed methodology is scalable and can be used to assess the wind regime and whitecap intensity on inland water bodies with a known shoreline contour, where in situ measurements are unavailable.
Keywords: microwave radiometry, Jason-1, Jason-2, Jason-3, ERA5, emissivity, whitecap fraction, inland water bodies, Gorky Reservoir, weather station, wind calibration
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