Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2022, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 103-110
Means of experimental testing of spacecraft rendezvous and docking tasks for maintenance and repair in space
A.V. Berezhkov
1 , R.V. Bessonov
1 1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 13.07.2022
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2022-19-4-103-110
The article briefly gives a retrospective of the emergence of the tasks of rendezvous and docking of spacecraft for maintenance purposes, such as the missions of the American Space Shuttle. The rationale for the departure from the traditional in the Russian space industry radio-technical docking systems of the Course type in favor of creating domestic optical systems for solving the problems of rendezvous and docking of spacecraft for maintenance and repair in space is presented. The substantiation of the experimental development of elements of relative navigation and docking systems (RNDS) is given. Examples of world practice on the creation of technological equipment for the development of RNDS are considered on the example of the Mission Extension Vehicle and Inveritas projects. The structure of the domestic automated stand is given with a brief description of its components: a space simulator, a Sun simulator, simulators of serviced and service spacecraft, motion control systems with drives. The principles of operation and the logic of interaction of its main technical elements and the software package are described. Some nuances of working with three-dimensional images of spacecraft and visualization programs are considered. In conclusion, the prospect of developing a stand for working out similar tasks using relative navigation is given.
Keywords: docking, relative navigation, space maintenance, space repairs, video camera, ToF camera, laser range finder
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