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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2021, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 328-334

Satellite monitoring of the ecological disaster at the Krasnodar Reservoir in the summer of 2020 and its natural and anthropogenic prerequisites

I.E. Kurbatova 1 
1 Water Problems Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 18.10.2021
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2021-18-5-328-334
The analysis of the features of the Krasnodar Reservoir formation from the moment of its full filling in 1978 to 2020 was carried out using multi-temporal cartographic materials and satellite images. The main reasons of long-term catastrophic shallowing of the reservoir and the drop in its level to values less than the dead volume level (DVL) in the summer and autumn of 2020 were highlighted. The current situation was provoked by both natural and anthropogenic factors. The permanent natural factors of reservoir degradation include long-term accumulation of 95–98 % of the average annual sediment runoff from the main tributaries (about 6 million m3/year), episodic one is the coming of dry years with low precipitation. Anthropogenic reasons include constructive design errors, underestimation of the reservoir bowl siltation rate, decrease in the normal retaining level by 0.9 m in 1993, water consumption for household needs disproportionate to real conditions, etc. The combination of these factors against the background of a long dry period made conditional upon decrease in the volume of water in 2020 to 6–10 % of the total reservoir volume and drainage of shallow waters, which led to severe environmental consequences. Analysis of space information from the Sentinel-2 satellite, identification of the water mirror using the MNDWI index and determination of the reservoir area showed that its open water surface decreased by 58 % of the design value. It is noted that the documentary character of space information and its regular use make it possible timely recording changes of the reservoir condition, which should certainly be taken into account in the water management practice of the region for making realistic decisions.
Keywords: reservoir, siltation, satellite images, river sediments, ecological disaster, level decline, shallowing, MNDWI
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