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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2026, V. 23, No. 5, pp. 282-299

Changes in climatic and spectral structure of landscape zones in Russia

V.V. Vinogradova 1 , T.B. Titkova 1 
1 Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 02.07.2026
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2026-23-5-282-299
On the basis of analysis of climatic parameters of meteorological stations (July, January temperatures, sums of active temperatures, precipitation) and satellite data (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), albedo Al, surface temperature Ts), an assessment was made of changes in the climatic and spectral structure of landscape zones and subzones of Russia as a result of climatic shifts at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century. It has been established that climatic parameters in 2000–2022 in most landscape zones of Russia have shifted to the upper limit or beyond the ranges of the base period (1961–1990). In tundra, forest-tundra and forest landscapes of the European territory of Russia, there is a massive transition of climatic parameters of natural zones to values characteristic of more southern landscapes. In forest zones of Siberia and the Far East, a convergence of thermal parameters of neighboring subzones is recorded, which creates fundamental prerequisites for transformation of climatic conditions. It is shown that the ranges and relationships of NDVI, Al and Ts represent a stable indicator of zonal affiliation. The response of landscapes to climate change is heterogeneous and varies from the classic “green cooling” (European Russia, Chukotka) to an increase in phytomass when dark coniferous species are replaced by light coniferous and small-leaved species with a higher Al (Far East). Positive dynamics of NDVI in itself is not an unambiguous indicator of improvement in environmental conditions, since its interpretation requires taking into account Al and Ts, as well as pyrogenic and anthropogenic factors. In boreal zones, the response rate of the spectral structure of landscapes is lower than the rate of climate change. In Arctic ecosystems, where even small warming causes significant vegetation response, this rate is comparable or higher; the same is typical of territories south of the forest-steppe where there is a high anthropogenic impact against the background of thermal stress and decreased humidity.
Keywords: landscape zones and subzones, climate change, temperature, precipitation, humidification, NDVI, radiation temperature, surface albedo
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