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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2026. Т. 23. № 3. С. 316-327

Calculation of radio-emitting characteristics of salt water in microwave range based on ionic composition of dissolved mineral salts

A.N. Romanov 1 
1 Institute for Water and Environmental Problems SB RAS, Barnaul, Russia
Accepted: 15.04.2026
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2026-23-3-316-327
Dissolved mineral salts are widespread across our planet, present in oceans, salt lakes, salt marshes, groundwater, estuaries, and tidal marshes. Salinity impacts physical properties of water, including density, evaporation rate, freezing point, dielectric and radio-emissivity parameters, and electrical conductivity. Water salinity also significantly influences hydrological and climatic characteristics of an area, the species composition of aquatic organisms, and aquatic vegetation. Microwave remote sensing methods are widely used to determine water salinity over large areas, including on a regional and global scale. Mineral salts dissociated in water into cations and anions exert varying effects on radio-emissivity characteristics of the water surface, depending on the relationship between salinity, temperature and ionic composition of water. There is a need for an adequate comparison of water surface emissivity parameters measured remotely with water salinity determined by chemical analysis. This article proposes a method for accounting for the ionic composition of dissolved mineral salts in water when modeling the dependence of water surface emissivity on water salinity. Empirical dependences of the emissivity of multicomponent aqueous salt solutions, as well as water from hypersaline natural reservoirs at a frequency of 1.41 GHz, are presented, allowing modeling of water surface radio emissivity characteristics based on the results of chemical analysis of ionic composition and mass concentrations of dissolved mineral salts.
Keywords: water salinity, aqueous salt solutions, hypersaline lakes, emissivity, microwave range
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