Журнал

About Editorial Board Information for authors and reviewers Publication ethics Contacts User Account: send / review a manuscript
Archive
Volume 23, 2026
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3
Volume 22, 2025
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 21, 2024
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 20, 2023
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 19, 2022
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 18, 2021
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 17, 2020
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6 Number 7
Volume 16, 2019
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 15, 2018
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6 Number 7
Volume 14, 2017
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6 Number 7
Volume 13, 2016
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 12, 2015
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 11, 2014
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4
Volume 10, 2013
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4
Volume 9, 2012
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5
Volume 8, 2011
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4
Volume 7, 2010
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4
Issue 6, 2009
Volume 1 Volume 2
Issue 5, 2008
Volume 1 Volume 2
Issue 4, 2007
Volume 1 Volume 2
Issue 3, 2006
Volume 1 Volume 2
Issue 2, 2005
Volume 1 Volume 2
Issue 1, 2004
Volume 1
Search
Find:
русский
ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2026. Т. 23. № 3. С. 328-341

Elements of mesoscale water dynamics in the eastern part of the Middle Caspian: satellite observations, in situ measurements, modeling results

A.I. Ginzburg 1 , A.G. Kostianoy 1, 2, 3 , N.A. Sheremet 1 
1 Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia
2 Moscow Witte University, Moscow, Russia
3 Maykop State Technological University, Maykop, Russia
Accepted: 28.04.2026
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2026-23-3-328-341
The paper compares certain elements of mesoscale circulation of surface waters in the eastern Middle Caspian (warm jet streams from the South to the Middle Caspian and currents in the coastal upwelling zone) identified through the analysis of satellite images of sea surface temperature (SST) from different years, with known results of in situ measurements and numerical modeling using eddy-resolving hydrodynamic models. Good agreement is noted between the spatiotemporal characteristics of two types of jets in the South Caspian (propagating along the periphery of the cyclonic gyre over the Derbent Depression in October–June and along the eastern coast within approximately the 50-meter isobath in July–September) identified during satellite monitoring, and the results of numerical modeling. Using daily SST maps from the GHRSST (Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature) project, the movement of the South Caspian water jet was traced in August 2014 to approximately the latitude of Cape Peschaniy and then, in the form of a thinner jet with lower SST, to the southern coast of the Tyub-Karagan Peninsula. The estimated propagation velocity of the South Caspian jet based on SST maps (approximately 12–22 cm/s at different stages of its northward progress) also agrees well with the model-estimated average monthly velocity (approximately 8–12 cm/s). The unusual northward propagation of the transverse upwelling jet observed in successive satellite images in September 2003 can be explained by taking into account known instrumental measurements of the current structure during winds unfavorable for upwelling.
Keywords: Caspian Sea, Middle Caspian Sea, South Caspian Sea, seasonal coast upwelling, water advection, jet streams, sea surface temperature, satellite observations, numerical modeling, eddy-resolving hydrodynamic models
Full text

References:

  1. Arkhipkin V. S., Features of the structure and dynamics of coastal upwelling in the Caspian Sea, In: Kaspiiskoe more. Struktura i dinamika vod (Caspian Sea. Water structure and dynamics), Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 61–74 (in Russian).
  2. Vodnyi balans i kolebaniya urovnya Kaspiiskogo morya. Modelirovanie i prognoz (Water balance and fluctuations in the level of the Caspian Sea. Modeling and forecasting), E. S. Nesterov (ed.), Moscow: Triada ltd, 2016, 378 p. (in Russian).
  3. Vostokov S. V., Dolgova A. O., Sivkovich A.Ye., Monitoring of spatiotemporal variability of phytoplankton in the Caspian Sea using satellite sensing data, Environmental Protection in the Oil and Gas Industry, 2006, No. 11, pp. 60–67 (in Russian).
  4. Ginzburg A. I., Kostianoy A. G., Solov’yev D. M., Sheremet N. A., Upwelling structure off the western coast of the Middle Caspian (based on satellite observations), Issledovaniye Zemli iz kosmosa, 2005, No. 4, pp. 76–85 (in Russian).
  5. Ginzburg A. I., Kostianoy A. G., Solovyev D. M., Sheremet N. A., Frontal zone of upwelling near the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea as inferred from satellite data, Issledovaniye Zemli iz kosmosa, 2006, No. 4, pp. 3–12 (in Russian).
  6. Ginzburg A. I., Kostianoy A. G., Sheremet N. A., Dynamics of the upwelling zone near the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea in the seasonal cycle (May – September) based on satellite average long-term temperature data (2003–2019), Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2020, V. 17, No. 7, pp. 215–226, DOI: 1021046/2070-7401-2020-17-7-215-226 (in Russian).
  7. Ginzburg A. I., Kostianoy A. G., Sheremet N. A., Solov’yev D. M., Relationship between seasonal distribution of chlorophyll-a and suspended matter off the eastern coast of the Middle Caspian Sea and local mesoscale water dynamic, Materialy 23-i Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa” (Proc. 23rd Intern. Conf. “Current Problems in Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space”), Moscow: IKI RAS, 2025, p. 223 (in Russian), DOI: 10.21046/23DZZconf-2025a.
  8. Guseynova N. O., Bagomayev A. A., Akhmedova L. Sh., Kuramagomedov B. M., Study of upwelling by the content of chlorophyll a in phytoplankton of the western Caspian Sea for 2017 based on remote sensing data, Yug Rossii: ehkologiya, razvitie, 2021, V. 16, No. 4, pp. 159–172 (in Russian), DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2021-4-159-172.
  9. Dyakonov G. S., Ibraev R. A., Dynamics of the Caspian Sea waters above the Absheron threshold in 2003, Morskoi gidrofizicheskii zhurnal, 2019, V. 35, No. 6, pp. 633–645 (in Russian), DOI: 1022449/0233-7584-2019-6-633-645.
  10. Klevtsova N. D., Current regime off the eastern coast of the Middle and Southern Caspian, Sbornik rabot Bakinskoi gidrometobservatorii, 1967, Iss. 3, pp. 44–49 (in Russian).
  11. Knysh V. V., Ibrayev R. A., Korotayev G. K., Inyushina N. V., Seasonal variability of climatic currents of the Caspian Sea, reconstructed by assimilation of climatic temperature and salinity in the water circulation model, Izvestiya RAN. Fizika atmosfery i okeana, 2008, V. 44, No. 2, pp. 251–265 (in Russian).
  12. Kosarev A. N., Gidrologiya Kaspiiskogo i Aral’skogo morei (Hydrology of the Caspian and Aral Seas), Moscow: Moscow State University Press, 1975, 272 p. (in Russian).
  13. Kosarev A. N., Zhirnov V. M., On coastal currents off the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea, Sbornik “Kompleksnye issledovaniya Kaspiiskogo morya”, Moscow: Moscow State University Press, 1972, Iss. 3, pp. 111–120 (in Russian).
  14. Kosarev A. N., Tuzhilkin V. S., Klimaticheskie termohalinnye polya Kaspiiskogo morya (Climatic thermohaline fields of the Caspian Sea), Moscow: GOIN, Moscow State University, 1995, 91 p. (in Russian).
  15. Kurdyumov D. G., Özsoy E., Average monthly characteristics of intra-annual variability of the Caspian Sea water circulation obtained using an eddy-resolving thermohydrodynamic model, Okeanologiya, 2004, V. 14, No. 6, pp. 843–853 (in Russian).
  16. Lavrova O. Yu., Kostyanoy A. G., Lebedev S. A., Mityagina M. I., Ginzburg A. I., Sheremet N. A., Kompleksnyi sputnikovyi monitoring morei Rossii (Integrated satellite monitoring of Russian seas), Moscow: IKI RAS, 2011, 480 p. (in Russian).
  17. Lavrova O. Yu., Mityagina M. I., Kostyanoy A. G., Sputnikovye metody issledovaniya izmenchivosti Kaspiiskogo morya (Satellite methods for studying the variability of the Caspian Sea), Moscow: IKI RAS, 2022, 250 p. (in Russian).
  18. Lebedev S. A., Kostyanoy A. G., Ginzburg A. I., Dynamics of the Caspian Sea based on instrumental measurements, modeling results and remote sensing data, Materialy 3-i Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Prikladnye aspekty geologii, geofiziki i geoehkologii s ispol’zovaniem sovremennykh informatsionnykh tekhnologii” (Proc. 3rd Intern. Scientific and Practical Conf. “Applied Aspects of Geology, Geophysics and Geoecology Using Modern Information Technologies”), Maykop State Technological University, 2015, pp. 146–179 (in Russian).
  19. Monakhova G. A., Akhmedova G. A., Rise of deep waters off the western coast of the Middle Caspian Sea, Nauchnyy zhurnal KubGAU, 2010, No. 63(09), pp. 334–345 (in Russian).
  20. Proekt “Morya”. Gidrometeorologiya i gidrokhimiya morei. T. 6. Kaspiiskoe more. Vypusk 1. Gidrometeorologicheskie usloviya (Hydrometeorology and hydrochemistry of the seas. V. 6. The Caspian Sea. Iss. 1. Hydrometeorological conditions), F. S. Terziev (ed.), Saint Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat, 1992, 358 p. (in Russian).
  21. Fedorov K. N., Ginzburg A. I., Pripoverkhnostnyi sloi okeana (The near-surface layer of the ocean), Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1988, 303 p. (in Russian).
  22. Khlebnikov D. V., Ivanov A. Yu., Zhukova M. A., Klimenko S. K., Remote sensing of upwelling events off the western and eastern shores of the Caspian Sea in summer 2024: A multisensory approach, Materialy 22-i Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa” (Proc. 22nd Intern. Conf. “Current Problems in Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space”), Moscow: IKI RAS, 2024, p. 369 (in Russian), DOI: 10.21046/22DZZconf-2024a.
  23. Brink K. H., The near-surface dynamics of coastal upwelling, Progress in Oceanography, 1983, V. 12, No. 3, pp. 223–257, DOI: 10.1016/0079-6611(83)90009-5.
  24. Dyakonov G. S., Ibrayev R. A., Long-term evolution of Caspian Sea thermohaline properties reconstructed in an eddy-resolving ocean eddy resolving ocean general circulation model, Ocean Science, 2019, V. 15, pp. 527–541, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-527-2019.
  25. GHRSST Level 4 MUR Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (v4.1), PO.DAAC, 2026, DOI: 10.5067/GHGMR-4FJ04.
  26. Ginzburg A. I., Kostianoy A. G., Gholamalifard M. et al., Ecologically and biologically significant marine protected areas in the Caspian Sea: A review, Ecologica Montenegrina, 2024, V. 76, pp. 85–115, https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.76.6.
  27. Ginzburg A. I., Kostianoy A. G., Sheremet N. A. et al., Mesoscale water dynamics and Chlorophyll-a/TSM/SST distributions off the Eastern Coast of the Middle Caspian, Ecologica Montenegrina, 2025, V. 85, pp. 40–65, https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.85.3.
  28. Gunduz M., Caspian Sea surface circulation variability inferred from satellite altimeter and sea surface temperature, J. Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2014, V. 119, pp. 1420–1430, DOI: 10.1002/2013JC009558.
  29. Gunduz M., Özsoy E., Modelling seasonal circulation and thermohaline structure of the Caspian Sea, Ocean Science, 2014, V. 10, pp. 459–471, DOI: 10.5194/os-10-459-2014.
  30. Ibrayev R. A., Özsoy E., Schrum C., Sur H. İ., Seasonal variability of the Caspian Sea three-dimensional circulation, sea level and air-sea interaction, Ocean Science, 2010, V. 6, pp. 311–329, DOI: 10.5194/os-6-311-2010.
  31. Kara A. B., Wallcraft A. J., Metzger E. J., Gunduz M., Impacts of freshwater on the seasonal variations of surface salinity and circulation in the Caspian Sea, Continental Shelf Research, 2010, V. 30, pp. 1211–1225.
  32. Kosarev A. N., Physico-geographical conditions of the Caspian Sea, In: The Caspian Sea Environment, A. G. Kostianoy, A. N. Kosarev (eds.), Ser. Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005, V. 5, Pt. P, pp. 5–31, DOI: 10.1007/698_5_002.
  33. Kostianoy A. G., Ginzburg A. I., Lavrova O. Yu. et al., Comprehensive Satellite Monitoring of Caspian Sea Conditions, In: Remote Sensing of the Asian Seas, V. Barale, M. Gade (eds.), Cham: Springer, 2019, pp. 505–521, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-94067-0_28.
  34. Safarov S., Kamran K. V., Ismayilov V., Safarov E., Detection of upwelling events in the Caspian Sea using thermal satellite image processing, Intern. J. Engineering and Geosciences, 2024, V. 9, No. 2, pp. 247–255, DOI: 10.26833/ijeg.1394363.
  35. Shipilova L. M., Eddy formation in the Caspian Sea, In: Dynamic Earth Environment. Remote Sensing Observations from Shuttle-Mir Missions, K. P. Lilla, L. V. Dessinov (eds.), New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2000, pp. 211–219.
  36. Sur H. I., Özsoy E., Ibrayev R., Satellite-derived flow characteristics of the Caspian Sea, In: Satellites, Oceanography and Society, D. Halpern (ed.), Elsevier Oceanography Series, V. 63, Elsevier, 2000, pp. 289–297.
  37. Tuzhilkin V. S., Kosarev A. N., Thermohaline structure and general circulation of the Caspian Sea waters, In: The Caspian Sea Environment, A. G. Kostianoy, A. N. Kosarev (eds.), Ser. Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005, V. 5, Pt. P, pp. 33–57, DOI: 10.1007/698_5_003.