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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2026, V. 23, No. 2, pp. 290-303

Remote sensing data in analysis of water regime of the Anadyr River under datascarce conditions

D.I. Shkolnyi 1 , E.I. Bakhareva 1 , P.P. Golovlev 1 , A.S. Tsyplenkov 1 , E.A. Zakharova 2 , M.A. Samokhin 1 
1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
2 Water Problems Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 10.02.2026
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2026-23-2-290-303
The Anadyr River is the major waterway of Chukotka and an important transport artery; however, its hydrological monitoring network is extremely sparse. Since 1997, no discharge observations have been conducted in the basin, and the most recent navigation maps date back to 1993. This lack of data complicates the assessment of the water regime and obstruct safe navigation, particularly within the Anadyr–Main anabranching system — a complex multi-channel structure that accumulates large floodwater volumes. In 2022, due to insufficient data a problem of estimation of navigable water levels was encountered during elaboration of modern navigation maps. Disagreement between estimates of depths and levels may lead to emergency situations. In this study, remote sensing data were combined with field observations collected in 2020–2024. Sentinel 2 imagery was used to map flooded areas and identify relationships between inundation extent and water levels measured at hydrological stations: during the flood season, the water surface area increases by a factor of 3.5–4.0, and the most reliable predictors of inundation are cumulative water levels over 15–21 days prior to the imagery date. Using the FABDEM (Forest And Buildings removed Copernicus DEM) digital elevation model and in situ depth measurements, the volume of water stored within the distributary system was estimated at up to 19.4 km3, which is comparable to half of the river’s mean annual runoff. Satellite altimetry (Jason-3, Sentinel 3A) showed strong agreement with ground-based water level observations (coefficient of determination R2 up to 0.96) and made it possible to reconstruct the along-river water profiles. The results demonstrate high informativeness and complementarity of remote sensing data for studying Arctic rivers having sparse monitoring networks. They provide as well a background for further hydrodynamic modeling of the Anadyr–Main system.
Keywords: Anadyr River, water regime, remote sensing, Sentinel 2, MNDWI, FABDEM, satellite altimetry, water surface slope
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