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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2025, V. 22, No. 6, pp. 412-418

Determination of the soil line from VIIRS data using MODIS clean fallow map and iterative regression equation search

D.E. Plotnikov 1 , E.S. Elkina 1, 2 , P.A. Kolbudaev 1 , M.A. Burtsev 1 , A.M. Matveev 1 , А.М. Konstantinova 1, 2 
1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
2 Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Simferopol, Russia
Accepted: 27.11.2025
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2025-22-6-412-418
The paper describes new daily cloud-free Time Series Enhancement (TSE) products for the Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI) based on soil line equation derived from V*09GA (VNP09GA and VJ109GA) Collection 2 data acquired by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instruments on the NOAA and SNPP satellite platforms. A 2022 clean fallow mask, regularly updated for cropland of Russia using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, was employed to identify bare soil areas for constructing the equation. An iterative soil line equation search method was applied due to the inability to directly use the clean fallow map with VIIRS products, a consequence of the non-integer difference in spatial resolution between MODIS and VIIRS sensors, and to minimize errors in feature and brightness value co-registration caused by significant geolocation inaccuracies in the 500-meter V*09GA product. The study utilized reconstructed daily cloud-free VIIRS imagery (Historical TSE product) in the red and near-infrared (NIR) bands, along with their corresponding Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) images. The analysis involved iterative outlier filtering for the point cloud corresponding to bare soil in the VIIRS red and NIR measurement space, using 0.95 confidence intervals as the point cloud boundaries. The process included monitoring the convergence of both coefficients of the resulting regression line until the difference fell below a threshold level of 1%. Upon convergence, the final VIIRS soil line equation was obtained from V*09GA Collection 2 data with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.973. This equation was then used in the formula to calculate the PVI from the respective VIIRS Collection 2 products.
Keywords: VIIRS, HiTSE, LOWESS, soil line, vegetation indices, iterative search, confidence intervals
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