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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2025, V. 22, No. 5, pp. 357-369

Main regions and classification of submesoscale eddy manifestations in the coastal zone of Kaliningrad Region based on the results of satellite monitoring in 2014–2024

E.V. Krayushkin 1 , N.A. Knyazev 1 
1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 08.10.2025
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2025-22-5-357-369
The paper presents the results of long-term satellite monitoring of the coastal zone of the southeastern Baltic Sea during the summer months from 2014 to 2024. The primary objective of the study was to identify the main eddy formation areas and determine the distinctive features of eddy dynamics in individual geographic regions of the study area. A total of 1,413 high-resolution satellite images (713 visible and 700 radio images) were analyzed during the study period. The paper proposes a classification of eddy formations observed in the coastal zone, comprising eight classes of eddy processes, differing in the region of occurrence, formation conditions, and morphometric characteristics. Striking examples of eddy activity in the open sea where eddy formation occurs solely under the influence of atmospheric conditions are presented. Further, a wide array of satellite images is examined, identifying eddy processes in the coastal zone where eddy formation occurs due to the interaction of the coastal current structure with the coastline. Eddy process occurrences beyond the prominent capes of Taran and Gvardeysky are identified and described, and a division of eddies into four classes is proposed based on the nature of the coastal circulation and the region of occurrence. Cases of submesoscale eddies occurring near relatively flat sections of the coastline are considered, and their morphometric characteristics are described. Cases of eddy dipole formation due to water outflow from the Kaliningrad Gulf are shown. The results are summarized, and a general classification of eddy activity forms in the coastal zone of the Kaliningrad Region is proposed.
Keywords: Baltic Sea, submesoscale eddies, remote sensing
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