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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2025, V. 22, No. 4, pp. 40-50

Tipping calibration of radiometric receiver in natural conditions

D.S. Sazonov 1 , I.N. Sadovsky 1 , E.V. Pashinov 1 , А.V. Kuzmin 1 
1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 29.05.2025
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2025-22-4-40-50
The paper is devoted to description and comparison of two variants of tipping calibration method implementation carried out on the basis of analysis of the angular dependence of downward radiation of the atmosphere. Calibration is used to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the signal at the radiometer output and the radiation intensity of the medium. Both methods (“iterative” and the variant of searching for a reference “cold” source of radio emission) allow performing the specified operation during implementation of full-scale experimental studies. The discussed calibration methods can be used only in the approximation of a flat single-layer atmosphere, which naturally imposes a limitation on acceptable meteorological conditions at the point of the experiment, as well as on the range of zenith measurement angles involved in this operation. The basis of the iterative algorithm, traditionally used by the authors when processing full-scale data, is the pseudo-random generation of both a set of meteorological parameters included in the atmospheric radiation model and directly the values of the calibration coefficients of the radiometric receiver, ensuring minimization of the residual function of the calculated values of sky brightness and the experimentally measured ones. The variant of searching for the reference cold source of radio emission is based on the linearity of the dependence of atmospheric radiation on its optical thickness coefficient together with the linearity of the radiometer transfer function. On the basis of the angular dependence of atmospheric brightness, this allows searching (within the approximations used) for a point on the calibration line that would correspond to measurements of the cold space radiation (hence the conventional name of the method), which is fundamentally unattainable in terrestrial conditions. The substantive part of the work is devoted to a detailed description of both methods, the approximations and assumptions used in them, as well as consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of each. It is shown that the calibration method using a cold source of radiation is preferable due to its invariance to physical temperature of the atmosphere and the possibility of on-line evaluation of calibration coefficients, with full coincidence with the results of the iterative approach.
Keywords: remote sensing, external calibration, radiometer, full-scale experiment, atmospheric model
Full text

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