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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2025, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 120-133

Crops monitoring in the south of the Far East in 2021–2023 using Sentinel-2 data

A.S. Stepanov 1 , E.A. Fomina 2 , A.L. Verkhoturov 2 , L.V. Illarionova 2 
1 Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute, Khabarovsk, Russia
2 Computing Center FEB RAS, Khabarovsk, Russia
Accepted: 10.02.2025
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2025-22-2-120-133
Continuous monitoring of arable lands based on remote sensing data is currently a prerequisite for efficient agricultural management at the regional level. In particular, the planned revenue and profitability of the agro-industrial complex directly depends on timely assessments of deviations in the development of crops, the strategy of the sowing campaign, and the identification of unused land. For the southern part of the Far East, the spatial and temporal variability of remote characteristics of crops has not been sufficiently studied, which complicates obtaining reference time series of vegetation indices for use in a satellite monitoring system. For arable lands of Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Region, 2021–2023 Sentinel-2 satellite data have been obtained. For each pixel, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) time series approximated using a Fourier series were constructed for the period from May 1 to October 31. Average NDVI values were calculated for each day of the growing season for soybeans, oats, barley, wheat, buckwheat, corn and fallow. It was established that the seasonal curves for the classes of soybeans, grains, buckwheat, corn and fallow had a characteristic shape and were similar in Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Region. Between 2021 and 2023, the average values of the maximum, the day of the maximum, and coefficients of variation for all classes were determined. Significant differences in the magnitude of the maximum and in the date of reaching the maximum for soybean crops in Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Region were revealed. For unused arable land, no significant regional differences in time series characteristics were identified. High values of NDVI coefficients of variation of grain crops in the second half of August were due to peculiarities of crop rotation (overseeding of perennial grasses), which suggests identification of subclasses through cluster analysis for effective monitoring of the state of grain crops. It was found that the day of NDVI maximum in the growing season for buckwheat occurred either in mid-July or in early September, which was due to different sowing dates. In general, the use of NDVI time series based on Sentinel-2 data with Fourier series approximation makes it possible to solve the main problems of monitoring agricultural crops in the south of the Far East, such as identifying and assessing deviations in the development of crops, identifying fallow lands and monitoring crop rotations. At the same time for the grains and buckwheat classes, when constructing reference NDVI time series it was proposed to carry out preliminary clustering.
Keywords: monitoring, Far East, NDVI, time series, variability, agriculture
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