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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2025, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 326-334

Monitoring the condition of the dried-up zone of the Kakhovka Reservoir in 2023–2024

S.S. Shinkarenko 1 , S.A. Bartalev 1 , M.A. Bogodukhov 1 , V.O. Zharko 1 
1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 13.02.2025
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2025-22-2-326-334
In early June 2023, a partial collapse occurred at the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) dam on the Dnieper River in Zaporozhya Region. As a result, the Kakhovka Reservoir ceased to exist, raising concerns about the potential release of its contaminated sediment. However, by September 2023 a significant portion of the drying reservoir bed had become vegetated. This brief report focuses on the analysis of vegetation recovery in the dried-up zone of the Kakhovka Reservoir using 2023 and 2024 satellite data from Landsat-8, -9 and Sentinel-2. In the spring of 2024, floodplain processes were observed at the bottom of the reservoir, characterized by the inundation of approximately 50 % of its area in March. This phenomenon can be attributed not only to the increased flow of the Dnieper River during the spring season and water discharges from upstream hydroelectric cascades but also to the backwater effect caused by the remaining Kakhovka HPP dam. By the end of August 2024, the proportion of the dried-up zone represented by bare soils and non-photosynthesizing vegetation (NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) < 0.2) did not exceed 10–12 %, while areas with highly productive vegetation and NDVI greater than 0.6 accounted for at least half of the total area. Such NDVI values are characteristic of tall herbaceous riparian vegetation, including reeds and bulrushes, as well as fast-growing species of shrub willows and young poplars. This is corroborated by ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2) lidar data which indicated that over half of the scanning segments (20×14 m) recorded maximum vegetation heights of 2–3 meters or more during the summer of 2024. Thus, the restoration of vegetation in the dried-up zone of the Kakhovka Reservoir creates conditions conducive to stabilizing its sediments and mitigating the release of associated pollutants.
Keywords: Dnieper, Kakhovka Reservoir, flooding, hydrology, remote sensing, Zaporozhye Region, Kherson Region
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