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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2025, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 235-243

Study of Marmara Sea upwellings in cold season using remote sensing data

A.V. Medvedeva 1 , S.V. Stanichny 1 
1 Marine Hydrophysical Institute RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
Accepted: 03.12.2024
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2025-22-1-235-243
The Marmara Sea has a unique temperature stratification, when in the cold season the surface waters have a lower temperature compared to the waters under the pycnocline. Thus, upwelling processes due to the warming of the surface layer can be recorded, unlike those typical, for example, of the Black Sea where the deep waters are always colder than the surface waters. Using data of satellite radiometers Landsat-7 ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus), Landsat-8, -9 TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor), Terra and Aqua MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and Suomi-NPP VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) with spatial resolution of 60 to 1 km, cases of upwelling manifestation from November to March from 2000 to 2023 have been analyzed. 22 events lasting from 1 to 4 days were detected as a result of the influence of northeast winds with speeds of at least 9–10 m/s. The temperature contrast of the upwelling waters with the surrounding waters was up to 3–4 °C, the temperature of the cores on average did not exceed the quasi-constant temperature of 14.6 °C of the bottom layer. There were cases when the core temperature varied from 15.5 to 18.2 °C, some of them were explained by the preservation of heat reserves in the Gemlik Bay.
Keywords: Marmara Sea, winter upwelling, warm upwelling, satellite sensing, sea surface temperature, ETM+, TIRS Landsat, MODIS, VIIRS, Bosphorus Jet
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