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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2025, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 259-267

Assessment of the effect of ice “bleaching” near 0 °C on brightness temperature of snow and ice covers at long centimeter wavelengths

V.A. Kazantsev 1 , G.S. Bordonskiy 1 
1 Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Chita, Russia
Accepted: 09.01.2025
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2025-22-1-259-267
Calculations of brightness temperature of snow and ice covers have been performed based on laboratory measurements of the dielectric constant of ice and snow in a resonator at frequencies of 3.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz near 0 °C. The obtained results show a decrease in the imaginary part of the relative complex dielectric constant of ice and snow in the temperature range of –0.3...–0.1 °C. This leads to the effect of “bleaching” of ice (reduction of its electromagnetic losses) and a decrease in the brightness temperature of formations such as snow and ice covers. The maximum value of the decrease in the imaginary part of relative dielectric constant occurred in the case when the electric field intensity vector was parallel to the basic planes of ice crystals. In laboratory measurements, a fivefold decrease was found in the resonator at a temperature of –0.2 °C. It follows from the calculations that under isothermal conditions, when the effect of “bleaching” occurs throughout the entire thickness of the ice cover, the result can be a decrease in brightness temperature of the object by ~30 K at an ice thickness of 1.5 m at the studied frequencies. The “bleaching” of snow turned out to be less compared to ice. In this case, the change in brightness temperature is ~6 K at snow thickness of 0.25 m and 0.5 m, which is associated with lower dielectric losses of snow and chaotic spatial arrangement of the main optical axis of ice crystals. Possible experimental evidence of the effect in remote sensing data and its physical causes are considered.
Keywords: dielectric constant, brightness temperature, ice, snow, bleaching, radiometry
Full text

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