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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2024, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 237-250

The influence of hydrodynamic processes on the distribution of Vistula River waters in the Gulf of Gdansk as seen in remote sensing data

M.I. Mityagina 1 , O.Yu. Lavrova 1 , P.D. Zhadanova 1 
1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 05.08.2024
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2024-21-4-237-250
The article presents the results of a study aimed at clarifying and supplementing currently existing ideas about the nature of the distribution of the Vistula waters rich in suspended and organic matter in the Gulf of Gdansk. The experimental basis for identifying, reconstructing, and further analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics of the distribution of the Vistula waters at its confluence with the Gulf of Gdansk was high spatial resolution data in the visible range from the MSI (Multispectral Instrument) of Sentinel 2 and OLI/OLI-2 (Operational Land Imager) of Landsat-8, -9 satellites obtained over a two-year observation period from May 1, 2022 to April 30, 2024. To restore a complete picture of the development of hydrodynamic processes in the bay, we used data from satellite synthetic aperture radars C-SAR of satellites Sentinel 1A, -1B obtained over the same period. We considered various scenarios for the distribution of Vistula River waters in the Gulf of Gdansk, which we identified on satellite images. The role of mesoscale and small-scale vortex structures with a characteristic horizontal scale of 5–20 km, developing in the Gulf of Gdansk, has been established as one of the main factors controlling the formation of areas of distribution of river waters and the transport of suspended matter, along with the near-shore wind and along-shore currents. The necessity of taking into account the contribution of hydrodynamic processes in the bay, primarily meso- and submesoscale eddies, which are capable of transporting water and impurities of various nature contained in it over long distances, is substantiated for a reliable assessment of the area of distribution of river waters. The main contribution to transporting suspended matter entering the Gulf of Gdansk with river waters is from vortex dipoles developing in the bay. Further, we emphasized remote sensing as a tool for obtaining detailed information about the spatiotemporal distribution of vortex structures in areas of interest.
Keywords: satellite remote sensing, eutrophication, river plumes, Vistula River, Baltic Sea, vortical processes in the sea, eddy dipole, suspended matter
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