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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2024, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 47-59

Detection of small-scale forest canopy variability in satellite panchromatic images based on brightness difference adjacency matrix

M.G. Aleksanina 1, 2 , A.V. Khramtsova 1, 2 
1 Institute of Automation and Control Processes FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
2 Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
Accepted: 12.08.2024
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2024-21-4-47-59
In the example of the problem of detecting single-tree felling in satellite images of forest canopy, we solve the problem of searching for optimal features that identify the presence of changes in panchromatic images regardless of the observation conditions. The initial data are panchromatic images of the Geoton-L1 instrument from the Russian Resurs-P satellite (spatial resolution 0.7 m). We propose an approach based on the adjacency matrix, but not of brightness, as in the classical case, but of brightness differences for a given displacement vector on which the difference is considered; and not for a single image, but for a pair of images. Thus, the frequency of transition of a certain difference of the first image into a certain difference of the second image is considered. Absence of any significant changes in the structure of images is manifested in the matrix of brightness difference adjacency, in that non-zero values of frequencies are concentrated along its diagonal. If even small spatial changes in brightness appear, “anomalous” frequencies appear — non-zero frequency values outside the diagonal. This feature is used to identify changes of the “felling” type. When comparing pairs of satellite images acquired at close angles of the survey and the sun above the horizon, the approach finds areas of change in brightness differences well. If the angles differ significantly, artifacts — false felling — appear. Anomalous changes in brightness differences can be both in areas of potentially real felling, and due to a mismatch between the shooting angles and the sun above the horizon. In this case, it is necessary to analyze the stability of the identified anomalies according to the sequence of adjacency matrices of changes in brightness differences from three images. To confirm the reliability of the felling and clarify its boundaries, the brightness anomaly calculations are used for different displacement vectors.
Keywords: satellite images, small-scale variability, texture, brightness differential, changes in the magnitude of the brightness difference, frequency matrix, single felling
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