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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2024, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 31-44

Thermodynamic satellite monitoring of forest ecosystems health in the Gulf of Finland catchment area (using the example of the Karelian Isthmus)

V.I. Gornyy 1 , A.V. Kiselev 1 , P.A. Bezruchenko 1 , A.B. Manvelova 1 , A.A. Tronin 1 , A.A. Bril 2 , A.A. Mazurov 2 
1 Saint Petersburg Federal Research Center RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia
2 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 15.05.2024
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2024-21-3-31-44
Monitoring of ecosystem health is an urgent problem of environmental safety. S. E. Jørgensen and Y. M. Svirezhev (Towards a thermodynamic theory for ecological systems. Oxford: Elsever, 2004) have worked out the basics of the thermodynamic theory of ecosystems. It is shown that the exergy of solar radiation absorbed by an ecosystem is spent on carbon deposition and the removal of entropy from the ecosystem, generated by anthropogenic and natural impact. The criterion for the health of the ecosystem is the exergy contained in it. In this paper, the rate of ecosystem evapotranspiration is used for satellite mapping of ecosystem health. For this purpose, a thermodynamic impact index was introduced equal to the ratio of evapotranspiration of an impacted ecosystem to evapotranspiration of a healthy ecosystem. The ecosystem of specially protected areas or the ecosystem of a given species with the highest evapotranspiration value can be used as a healthy standard of ecosystem. A feature of this study is the introduction of technology for thermodynamic satellite mapping of ecosystem health in the IKI-Monitoring Center for Collective Use, including in the Vega-Science system, where, since 2001, the database of 8-day satellite composites of evapotranspiration (spatial resolution 500×500 m) for the entire territory of Russia has been collected in the automatic mode. The ecosystem of the Karelian Isthmus as a representative territory of the catchment area of the Gulf of Finland was chosen as the research object. Three examples of natural and anthropogenic effects on ecosystem demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed ecosystem health measure. It is shown that the sensitivity of the technology to ecosystem health disorders is so high that it allows mapping local ecosystem health disorders, whose spatial dimensions are an order of magnitude smaller than the resolution of the used evapotranspiration satellite maps. It is concluded that the developed technology can be quickly applied by regional environmental authorities throughout Russia for operational synoptic analysis of the health of the ecosystem.
Keywords: thermodynamics, satellite, evapotranspiration, ecosystem health, indicator, Karelian isthmus, impacts, ecosystem response
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