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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2024, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 188-203

Benefits of hyperspectral information for nitrogen management in grain crop production

V.P. Yakushev 1 , V.V. Yakushev 1 , S.Yu. Blokhina 1 , Yu.I. Blokhin 1 , A.F. Petrushin 1 , D.A. Matveenko 1 
1 Agrophysical Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Россия
Accepted: 29.05.2024
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2024-21-3-188-203
Improvements in the sustainability of grain crop production depend essentially on the efficient use of nitrogen fertilizers. Precision agriculture, as a viable and scalable solution for nitrogen nutrition management of plants by applying the optimal amount to those crop areas in which nitrogen deficiency has developed, is used not only to increase yields, but also to avoid nitrogen losses. Among the agronomic practices for which the concept of precision agriculture was applied for research and operational purposes, variable rate nitrogen fertilization plays a key role. However, this technology is still not widely adopted, since its implementation requires a detailed assessment of within-field variability of yield factors and the relationship of this variability with crop growth conditions. Hyperspectral remote sensing opens up new opportunities for rapid and more precise quantitative assessment of the crop canopy state during the main stages of plant development. An algorithm is presented to control the nitrogen regime on the basis of hyperspectral sensing data with the identification of crop areas in which nitrogen deficiency has developed. Digital images of crop canopy with spring wheat were obtained using a Pika-L hyperspectral camera (Resoson, USA) installed on a Matrice 600 Pro unmanned aerial vehicle (DJI, China), and vegetation indices were calculated from the images. The dynamics of the indices value changes in the main stages of plant development were estimated in comparison with the values obtained under optimal and stressful conditions, and a functional analysis of the parameters describing the spatial structure of changeable optical characteristics was carried out. In order to perform the technological operation of nitrogen fertilizer application, the crop canopy zones under nitrogen stress were determined, the required fertilizer rates were calculated, the spread rate map based on these data was generated for the robotized equipment, indicating the exact place of application. At the same time, the costs of resources and time for ground-based field measurements and laying out test sites have been significantly reduced with the prospect of abandoning their placement on operational fields.
Keywords: precision agriculture, hyperspectral sensing, nitrogen deficiency, variable rate application, nitrogen fertilizers, vegetation indices, variogram analysis
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