Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2024, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 51-60
Multiple-beam interferometry from navigation satellite signals in layered structures of forests and ice of freshwater reservoirs
D.V. Kharlamov
1 , V.G. Podoprigora
2, 3 , M.Yu. Reushev
1, 3 , D.S. Makarov
1, 4 , E.N. Vasil’ev
4 1 Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
2 Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
3 Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
4 Institute of Computational Modeling SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Accepted: 10.04.2024
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2024-21-2-51-60
The paper presents the results of a series of measurements of the amplitude-time dependences of the interference field of signals from navigation satellites in the L1 range (λ ≈ 0.19 m) when reflected from layered media: the snow-ice cover of a freshwater lake in the winter-spring period and near a forest. Based on the measurement results, the following was performed: an initial sampling of measurement data using a cloud service, subsequent data processing using fast Fourier transform and further analysis of the results using techniques of multi-beam GNSS reflectometry. To analyze the obtained reflectograms, a model of multibeam interference in layered media was used, for which a geometric optics scheme was used. This made it possible, using the Fresnel coefficients of transmission and reflection, to calculate the amplitudes and phases of the waves that arrived along with the direct signal to the receiving antenna. In addition to experimental data, the paper presents the results of computational modeling of the dynamics of snow and ice cover, which made it possible to determine its temperature regime, state, and other thermodynamic characteristics. The simulation was carried out based on the numerical solution of the Stefan problem in a generalized formulation, taking into account local climate data. This made it possible to assess not only the current state of these layers, but also to predict their dynamic development using meteorological forecasts. The results of the study can be used to monitor the state of ice cover from formation to melting, as well as forest areas in order to analyze their humidity, fire hazard and planting density.
Keywords: GNSS reflectometry, navigation satellite signals, layered media, ice covers, forest, dielectric constant, computational modeling
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