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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2024, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 235-247

Application of spectral indices to assess the influence of crop weeds and nitrogen nutrition on the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and the yield of winter triticale

A.M. Shpanev 1 , D.V. Rusakov 1 
1 Agrophysical Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Россия
Accepted: 09.04.2024
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2024-21-2-235-247
The application of nitrogen fertilizers and the protection of crops from weeds are the most significant factors in obtaining high yields of grain crops in the North-West of Russia. An assessment of the influence of crop weediness and nitrogen nutrition on the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of cultivated plants should determine the possibilities of hyperspectral imaging in solving problems of effective management of the production process. The study of the variability of the spectral reflectance of winter triticale plants under the influence of crop weeds and nitrogen nutrition was carried out in 2022 at the Menkovo experimental station of Agrophysical Research Institute. The experiment scheme included the presence of three levels of nitrogen nutrition (low, medium, high) and four degrees of crop weediness (zero, weak, medium and strong). Based on the research results, it was determined that spring fertilizing with nitrogen had a much stronger effect on the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of winter triticale plants than the weediness of the crop. The contribution of factors to the variation of spectral index values was 66.0, 33.2, 36.3 % and 13.7, 13.1, 4.9 %, respectively, in relation to the indices of chlorophyll (Chlorophyll Reflection Index — ChlRI), photochemical reflection (Photochemical Reflectance Index — PRI) and anthocyanins (Anthocyanins Reflection Index — ARI). The best results in assessing the influence of weeds on the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of winter triticale plants were obtained using measurement data taken during the stage BBCH 53-55 (earing), and nitrogen fertilizer — during BBCH 30–31 (booting) and BBCH 53–55 (earing) stages. The chlorophyll index showed greater sensitivity to changes in the degree of weediness of crops and nitrogen nutrition of plants, in comparison with the indices of photochemical reflection and anthocyanins. From the results of statistical data processing, a close relationship between spectral indices assessing the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and plant productivity and the yield of winter triticale was revealed. A reliable and earliest forecast of triticale yield and such elements of the crop structure as the number and weight of grains in an ear was achieved during the BBCH 30–31 (booting) stage, using the chlorophyll index in calculations.
Keywords: winter triticale (Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus), weeds, nitrogen fertilizers, ground-based hyperspectral measurements, spectral indices, chlorophyll index, yield forecast
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