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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2023, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 222-233

Towards the development of a remote microwave indicator of hydrological drought (case study of seasonal drying of a hyperhaline lake)

A.N. Romanov 1 , I.V. Khvostov 1 , I.V. Ryabinin 1 , D.A. Romanov 1 
1 Institute for Water and Environmental Problems SB RAS, Barnaul, Russia
Accepted: 31.10.2023
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2023-20-6-222-233
The paper presents the results of a 10-year study of seasonal variations in brightness temperatures of the hyperhaline Kulunda Lake located on the territory of the Kulunda Plain (southern Western Siberia) characterized by an arid climate with low annual precipitation. On their basis, a new approach to the development of a remote microwave index of hydrological drought is proposed. The analysis of the seasonal dynamics of brightness (Tb) and thermodynamic temperatures of the lake water surface was carried out using the L1C SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) and MOD11A1 MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) products. The L1C product contains Tb values obtained at a sounding angle of 42.5° on horizontal and vertical polarizations and is linked to the discrete geodetic grid DGG ISEA 4H9 (Icosahedral Snyder Equal Area). On the basis of the results of laboratory measurements of dielectric characteristics of water from Lake Kulunda and bottom soil, experimental dependences of the emissivity coefficients of the water surface and the dried bottom on temperature were established. Using satellite optical data, the patterns of seasonal drying out of the lake were studied and periodic drying cycles were identified. The developed algorithm can be used for an area with several drying lakes that lie within a pixel of satellite radiometer.
Keywords: salinity, mineral lake, emissivity, radio brightness temperature, SMOS satellite, Western Siberia
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