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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2023, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 254-267

Horizontal fine structure of river water flow in the Volga Delta according to satellite data of high spatial resolution

A.G. Kostianoy 1, 2 , O.Yu. Lavrova 3 , A.A. Polukhin 1 , A.V. Kostyleva 1 , P.V. Khlebopashev 1 , D.M. Soloviev 4 , P.D. Zhadanova 3 
1 Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia
2 Moscow Witte University, Moscow, Russia
3 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
4 Marine Hydrophysical Institute RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
Accepted: 27.06.2023
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2023-20-3-254-267
From 1995 to the present, the Caspian Sea level has decreased by almost 3 m, which significantly affects the morphometry and the ecological state of shallow water areas. First of all, this concerns the shallow Northern Caspian and, especially, the Volga Delta, which over the years has advanced 10–20 km forward and grown by about 3,000 km2 in area. Changes in the morphometric characteristics of the Volga Delta inevitably affect the hydrodynamic, hydrophysical, hydrochemical, and hydrobiological characteristics of river water in the foredelta. From 18 to 20 May 2021, complex hydrophysical, hydrochemical and hydrobiological studies of river water were carried out in the southwestern part of the Volga Delta. A total of 32 stations were completed, at which water surface temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, chlorophyll a and oxygen concentrations were measured and samples were taken for further analysis in the laboratory. They showed a complex picture of the distribution of the studied parameters, both along the watercourses and across them. Only high spatial resolution optical and infra-red Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS satellite images, obtained on 20 May 2021 almost simultaneously with the ongoing studies in the Volga Delta, helped understand the spatial distribution of these parameters. As a result of the analysis of the images, for the first time, it was possible to identify a horizontal fine structure of watercourses, which is an alternation of clear immiscible narrow jets with significantly different characteristics of temperature, suspended matter, turbidity and chlorophyll a.
Keywords: Volga Delta, horizontal fine structure of waters, water surface temperature, total suspended matter, chlorophyll a, water turbidity, oxygen concentration, electrical conductivity, remote sensing, Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS
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