Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2023, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 119-135
The Lower Volga floodplain classification based on long-term hydrological and remote sensing data
S.S. Shinkarenko
1 , S.A. Bartalev
1 , M.A. Bogodukhov
1 , I.I. Vorushilov
1 , I.A. Saigin
1 1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 14.04.2023
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2023-20-3-119-135
The changing climate and the regulation of river flow lead to significant changes in the hydrological regime of floodplain landscapes. This is manifested in the reduced amplitude of water levels, duration and frequency of floods, which causes a decrease in flooded areas. Periodic flooding of floodplain lands is the most important factor in the functioning of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The Volga-Akhtuba floodplain and the Volga delta are the only territories in the arid zone of Russia where overflows are observed almost every year during spring floods. The aim of the research is to map the floodplain lands of the Lower Volga based on information products for thematic processing of Earth remote sensing data by the Landsat satellite system and hydrological information (maximum water discharge and flood duration) for 1984–2021. The frequency of seasonal changes records in the water surface by satellite systems in the optical range depends on the number of cloudless observations and the frequency of surveys. The established relationships between hydrological characteristics and flood areas allowed us to correct the data with sufficient accuracy (RMSE = 4.9 %, R 2 = 0.63). Currently, only 30 % of the territory of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain and the Volga delta can be flooded under the existing hydrological regime, while the high level of the floodplain has practically ceased to be flooded. The results obtained can be used in landscape-ecological studies, as well as for predicting flooding of floodplain areas under different hydrological conditions.
Keywords: Lower Volga, remote sensing, floodplain lands, flooding, mapping, hydrological regime
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