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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2023, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 246-261

Satellite microwave radiometric measurements of extreme temperature rise in East Antarctica in March 2022

L.M. Mitnik 1 , V.P. Kuleshov 1 , M.L. Mitnik 1 , A.V. Baranyuk 1 
1 V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
Accepted: 07.12.2022
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2023-20-2-246-261
The results of sensing of East Antarctica and the adjoining areas of the Southern Ocean by microwave satellite radiometers MTVZA-GYa at frequencies ν = 10–190 GHz and AMSR2 at ν = 6–89 GHz during the warm and humid air (atmospheric river — AR) invasion from the Tasmanian area in March 2022 are presented. The surface air warming caused by AR was recorded by the Automatic Weather Station (AWS) at the coast and at the Vostok, Concordia and Dome CII stations in East Antarctica. The variability of atmospheric characteristics above Antarctica was studied using readings of radiosondes launched from Casey station at the coast and Concordia station at a height of 3230 m and time series of brightness temperatures averaged over a circular area 200 km in diameter with the center at a distance of ~200 km from Concordia station. The influence of air and surface temperature and atmospheric water vapor content variations on brightness temperature Tb(ν) variations was estimated from the results of modeling of microwave radiation transfer in the atmosphere – firn system using radiosonde profiles from Concordia station. It was shown that the increase in the Tb (ν) at frequencies 89–92 GHz of a large part of East Antarctica was caused mainly by an increase in the firn temperature. The increase at frequencies ~176–190 GHz in the area of the water vapor absorption line was caused by the increase of both the firn temperature and air temperature and humidity. Based on measurements of brightness temperature Tb (ν) over the open ocean at frequencies in the atmospheric transparency windows ~6–48 and 88–92 GHz, the wind speed W, cloud liquid water content Q and atmospheric water vapor content V were determined and the temporal variability of parameters in the AR area was studied.
Keywords: Antarctica, air temperature anomaly, atmospheric river, microwave radiometry, AMSR2 GCOM-W1, Meteor-M No. 2-2 MTVZA-GYa, brightness temperature, modeling, time series, automatic weather stations
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