Журнал

About Editorial Board Information for authors and reviewers Publication ethics Contacts User Account: send / review a manuscript
Archive
Volume 21, 2024
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5
Volume 20, 2023
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 19, 2022
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 18, 2021
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 17, 2020
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6 Number 7
Volume 16, 2019
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 15, 2018
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6 Number 7
Volume 14, 2017
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6 Number 7
Volume 13, 2016
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 12, 2015
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6
Volume 11, 2014
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4
Volume 10, 2013
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4
Volume 9, 2012
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5
Volume 8, 2011
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4
Volume 7, 2010
Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4
Issue 6, 2009
Volume 1 Volume 2
Issue 5, 2008
Volume 1 Volume 2
Issue 4, 2007
Volume 1 Volume 2
Issue 3, 2006
Volume 1 Volume 2
Issue 2, 2005
Volume 1 Volume 2
Issue 1, 2004
Volume 1
Search
Find:
русский
ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2023, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 323-328

Interrelation between snow cover depth and spring flooding in Northern Kazakhstan

A.G. Terekhov 1 , N.N. Abayev 1, 2 , T.A. Tillakarim 2, 3 , N.T. Serikbay 2, 3 
1 Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2 RSE Kazhydromet, Almaty, Kazakhstan
3 Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Accepted: 21.02.2023
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2023-20-1-323-328
A greater volume of spring flooding in the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan poses a threat of significant economic losses, which causes high practical interest in a better understanding of the mechanisms of flood formation. The volume of spring flooding in the steppe zone of Kazakhstan is controlled by two factors: the snow water equivalent of precipitation accumulated during the cold period and the soil absorbency during the period of active snowmelt. The interannual variability of the snow amount in Northern Kazakhstan is about 10 times, which significantly loses to the variability of the spring flooding volume, which reaches 150 times. Thus, the soil absorbing capacity plays a key role in the formation of the spring flood in Northern Kazakhstan. This territorial feature is associated with a relatively small annual climatic norm of precipitation (less than 500 mm) and significant winter soil freezing, reaching 120–150 cm or more. The snow cover prevents the soil freezing. This research examined the relationship between the snow depth on February 1 during 2001–2021 in the basins of four Northern Kazakhstan rivers, Tobol, Yesil, Sherubai-Nura, Nura, and the volumes of their spring floods. As initial data, the following were used: the average snow depth in river basins derived by the Snow Depth FEWS NET algorithm and the volume of spring flooding registered at the Kazhydromet stations. The results of the research allow us to conclude that the volume of spring flooding in Northern Kazakhstan, in general, does not depend on snow depth. However, when considering the 21 most low-snow regimes, there is a pronounced inverse relationship between the snow depth in the river basin and the volume of spring flooding. Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient between average snow depth in the river basins and spring flood volumes was r = –0.484; the value of F-test F = 5.81 (F = 2.93; α = 0.01). Thus, under conditions of low-snow winters with an average snow depth of less than 19 cm on February 1, the snow depth is a weather factor that has a close correlation with the volumes of the April spring flood.
Keywords: steppe zone of Kazakhstan, spring flood, snow depth, river basin, soil freezing
Full text

References:

  1. Akiyanova F., Frolova N., Karakulov E., Kezhebayeva A., Shaimerdenova A., Materials and methods of floods risk assessment on the Esil and Nura rivers within Astana suburban area, Gidrometeorologiya i ekologiya, 2018, Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 95–109 (in Russian).
  2. Kulik A. V., Gordienko O. A., Shaifullin M. R., Dynamics of soil freezing and thawing in the agroforestry landscape, Dokuchaev Soil Bull., 2022, No. 112, pp. 160–180 (in Russian), DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2022-112-160-180.
  3. Osokin N. I., Sosnovskiy A. V., Nakalov P. R., On the influence of variability of snow cover parameters to the ground freezing, Led i Sneg, 2015, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 60–68 (in Russian), DOI: 10.15356/2076-6734-2015-2-60-68.
  4. Resursy poverkhnostnykh vod SSSR: Gidrologicheskaya izuchennost’. T. 12. Nizhnee Povolzh’e i Zapadnyi Kazakhstan. Vyp. 2. Uralo-Embinskii raion (Resources of surface water of USSR: Hydrology knowledge, Vol. 12: Lower Volga and Western Kazakhstan, Issue 2: Ural-Emba Region), Z. G. Markova (ed.), Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1966, 152 p. (in Russian).
  5. Terekhov A. G., Pak I. T., Dolgikh S. A., Satellite observations of the anomalous spring flood in the lower reach of Ayaguz River in 2016, Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2016, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 273–276 (in Russian), DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2016-13-4-273-276.
  6. Terekhov A. G., Abayev N. N., Yunicheva N. R., Anomalous snowy regime in 2019 and long-term trends in snow depth in Kazakhstan, Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2019, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 351–355 (in Russian), DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-5-351-355.
  7. Terekhov A. G., Ivkina N. I., Yunicheva N. R., Vitkovskaya I. S., Yeltay A. G. (2020a), Snow cover changes of the Kazakhstan dry steppes and semi-deserts: the case of River Emba basin studies, Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2020, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 101–113 (in Russian), DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2020-17-2-101-113.
  8. Terekhov A. G., Ivkina N. I., Abayev N. N., Yeltay A. G., Egemberdyeva Z. M. (2020b), Validation of daily Snow Depth FEWS NET product over River Ural basin on snow depth meteorological observations, Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2020, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 31–40 (in Russian), DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2020-17-3-31-40.
  9. Terekhov A. G., Ivkina N. I., Abayev N. N., Galayeva A. V., Yeltay A. G. (2020c), Streamflow response of Ural River to basin snow depth changes during 2001–2019, Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2020, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 181–190 (in Russian), DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2020-17-5-181-190.
  10. Akiyanova F. Z., Frolova N. L., Avezova A. A., Shaimerdenova A. M., Oleshko A. B., Water resources and system of the river Yesil (ISHIM) under conditions of active anthropogenous transformation and climate change, Eurasian J. Biosciences, 2019, Vol. 13, pp. 1275–1289.
  11. Frolov D., Calculating scheme of ground freezing depth on the basis of data on seasonal snowfall deposition, snow cower accumulation and temperature variation, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, Vol. 386, No. 1, Art. No. 012033, 7 p., DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/386/1/012033.
  12. Harada Y., Tsuchiya F., Takeda K., Muneoka T., Characteristics of ground freezing and thawing under snow cover based on long-term observation, J. Japanese Society of Snow and Ice, 2009, Vol. 71, No. 4, pp. 241–251, DOI: 10.5331/seppyo.71.4_241.
  13. Iwata Y., Hayashi M., Hirota T., Comparison of snowmelt infiltration under different soil freezing conditions influenced by snow cover, Vadose Zone J., 2008, Vol. 7, pp. 79–86, DOI: 10.2136/vzj2007.0089.
  14. Meshyk A., Barushka M., Marozava V., Snow as a contributor to spring flooding in Belarus, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021, Vol. 28, pp. 18826–18836, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09638-8.
  15. Pshenchinova A. S., Dzhusupbekov D. K., Opp C., Assessment of the calculated maximum spring flood of the main rivers of Central Kazakhstan, J. Geography and Environmental Management, 2020, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 30–38, DOI: 10.26577//JGEM.2020.v56.i1.03.
  16. Spivak L., Arkhipkin O., Pankratov V., Vitkovskaya I., Sagatdinova G., Space monitoring of floods in Kazakhstan, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2004, Vol. 67, Issue 4–5, pp. 365–370, DOI: 10.1016/j.matcom.2004.06.018.