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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2022, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 264-283

Comparison of plume parameters of the Sulak and Terek rivers based on satellite data and in-situ measurements

O.Yu. Lavrova 1 , K.R. Nazirova 1 , Ya.O. Alferyeva 2 , P.D. Zhadanova 3, 1 , A.Ya. Strochkov 1 
1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
2 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
3 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
Accepted: 31.10.2022
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2022-19-5-264-283
The study of coastal areas of the World Ocean under the influence of river flow is an important scientific and practical task. This is because, in addition to suspended and dissolved terrigenous and biogenic substances, anthropogenic pollution may enter shelf areas together with river waters. With the development of domestic tourism in recent years, particularly in the Republic of Dagestan, there is a growing need for ecological monitoring of the resort coastal zone near the city of Makhachkala where the influence of outflows of the Sulak and Terek rivers is strong. Studies of the main parameters of the rivers plumes, their similarities and differences were based on a joint use of satellite remote sensing data and in situ measurements performed simultaneously with satellite observations. High spatial resolution satellite data from Sentinel 2 MSI and Landsat OLI/TIRS sensors were used. In situ measurements were conducted on June 6 and 9, 2022, in the mouth areas of the Terek and Sulak rivers. The main objective was to compare sea water turbidity obtained using a portable turbidity meter and determined from satellite data using different standard algorithms. Simultaneously with CTD sounding, water samples were taken in the near-surface layer to assess suspended matter concentration by weight method and to determine the mineral composition of suspended solids. Analysis of obtained data showed that water turbidity in the Terek plume is significantly higher than in the Sulak plume. The best results in determining turbidity in the mouth zone of the Terek River from satellite data were obtained using Dogliotti algorithm that was developed specifically for waters with high turbidity. For the Sulak plume, none of the algorithms showed turbidity values close to in-situ measurements. This can be explained by the difference of a day between the satellite survey and the corresponding In situ measurements, given that the position of the Sulak plume boundary changes greatly over time. According to the X-ray phase analysis, the mineral composition of the suspended sediments near the Terek and Sulak estuaries is almost the same. It is characterized by approximately equal contents of anhydrous aluminosilicates, clayey and carbonate materials. Significant difference in the suspended sediment composition is manifested in the quantitative ratio of minerals at the plume boundaries. Changes in the mineral composition of suspended sediment are accompanied by significant changes in the turbidity of waters determined both in situ and from satellite data.
Keywords: river plume, turbidity of sea water, total suspended matter, satellite Ocean Color Data, in situ measurements, ACOLITE algorithms, MSI Sentinel 2, OLI/TIRS Landsat 8, -9, Caspian Sea, Terek River, Sulak River
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