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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2022, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 249-264

Satellite monitoring of ecological condition of specially protected Northern Caspian areas on the example of UNESCO Kizlyar Bay Biosphere Reserve

I.E. Kurbatova 1 , T.V. Vereshchaka 2 , A.A. Ivanova 2 
1 Water Problems Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
2 Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 19.07.2022
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2022-19-4-249-264
The possibilities are considered to use satellite information from Landsat-2, -5, -8, and Sentinel-2 for monitoring hard-to-reach specially protected wetlands of the Northern Caspian Sea shelf zone. The main environmental problems of these lands are described also using the above satellite data on the example of Kizlyar Bay reserve. Information on the specific features of shelf ecosystems is given. It is shown that the safety and stability of the state of these territories depends on various factors, both natural climatic (long-term, seasonal and episodic surge fluctuations of the Caspian Sea level) and anthropogenic (constantly increasing background pollution of sea water due to the runoff of the Volga and Ural rivers, intense movement of tankers and small-sized water transport, development of oil and gas fields). The materials and research methods are characterized. Changes in water surface areas within the boundaries of the reserve are estimated for the minimum low (1977), high (1995) and low modern (2021) sea levels using water indices. A sharp increase in the content of chlorophyll-a in the water area over the past 6 years was shown by analyzing space information at different times in the red and red edge zones of the spectrum, which indicates the intensity of water bloom in shallow waters and the deterioration of its quality in the Kizlyar Bay. The proximity of oil platforms to the shelf zone of the Northern Caspian Sea, which poses a threat to endemic and valuable species of aquatic and avifauna, has been noted. The distance and time of movement of oil pollution at various easterly storm wind speeds in case of accidents at offshore production wells or tankers are calculated. According to the images from the Landsat-8 satellite in the thermal infrared range, places of associated gas flaring on stationary offshore oil platforms were recorded, the combustion products of which spread over long distances, polluting the atmosphere and the marine environment. The study carried out on the basis of satellite monitoring illustrates the possibility of establishing a relationship between the state of the natural environment of a biosphere reserve and external influences.
Keywords: wetlands, specially protected natural areas, ecosystems, satellite monitoring, sea level fluctuations, pollution, vegetation and water indices
Full text

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