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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2021, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 288-297

Sudden stratospheric warming in January 2021 from microwave measurements of Meteor-M No. 2-2 satellite

L.M. Mitnik 1, 2 , V.P. Kuleshov 1, 2 , M.L. Mitnik 1 
1 V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
2 Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Accepted: 28.04.2021
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2021-18-3-288-297
This paper presents the results of microwave (MW) measurements of the occurrence and development of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) over the Northern Hemisphere. The measurements performed in the frequency range ν = 52.8–57.6 GHz by the scanning temperature and humidity atmospheric sounder MTVZA-GY in December 2020 – February 2021, give an idea of the spatial and temporal temperature variability of different stratospheric layers over high and temperate latitudes. The analysis of the time series of the brightness temperature Th (ν) at 10 frequencies revealed a rapid (by several tens of degrees per week) growth of temperature of the middle and lower stratosphere during the SSW in January 2021. The air temperature increase was registered by radiosonde released from stations 03005, 04320, 04220, 10113 and 71822. The maximum altitude of the radiosonde’ ascent reached 30–36 km. The brightness temperatures Th (ν) and weighting functions at frequencies 52.8 GHz; 53.3; 53.8; 54.64 and 55.63 GHz and at 5 frequencies in the oxygen absorption line region centered at ν0 = 57.2903 GHz were computed according to the averaged atmospheric temperature and pressure profiles from the surface to hmax = 70 km in the latitude belt of 60–70° N for the winter period (December – February). The Th (ν) values were found by numerical integration of the MW radiative transfer equation. Based on the time series of the Th (ν) fields, the evolution of the SSW over the Northern Polar Area from December 24, 2020 to February 10, 2021 was traced. The warming began at heights of about 30–40 km and then spread to the lower stratospheric layers. It follows from the analysis of MTZA-GY measurements, operational weather information and literature data that the warming was accompanied by weakening and displacement of the polar vortex as well as by sharp negative and positive air temperature anomalies near the Earth’s surface.
Keywords: microwave radiometer MTVZA-GYa, Meteor-M No. 2-2, sudden stratospheric warming, January 2021, brightness temperature, spatial and temporal variability, radiosondes
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