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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2021, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 9-25

Trends in moisture exchange components in the ocean-atmosphere system under global warming according to the Reanalysis-2 archive

V.N. Malinin 1 , P.A. Vainovskу 2 
1 Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
2 OOO Prognoz, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Accepted: 31.03.2021
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2021-18-3-9-25
The article provides the results of calculating the components of vertical moisture exchange (evaporation, precipitation, atmospheric moisture content), as well as surface air temperature (SAT) and sea surface temperature (SST) in the ocean-atmosphere system for 1979–2019 according to the data from the Reanalysis-2 archive. The dimensionless trends of annual values of moisture exchange components, particularly precipitation, are shown to be significantly higher than similar trends in air temperature and sea surface temperature. Taking into account the latent heat, the contribution of the precipitation trend to radiative forcing is 0.32 W/m2, which amounts to 43 % of CO2 forcing. It is established that a trend in evaporation and precipitation starts to develop 11 years earlier than the one in SAT and SST. A fundamental discrepancy in the meridional distribution of SAT trends and the components of moisture exchange for 10-degree latitudinal zones of the World Ocean has been revealed. The maximum SAT trend is confined to the northern polar region, while an extremely high trend in precipitation is noted in the northern equatorial zone (0−10°N) and caused by increasing intensity of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone. The highest evaporation trends are observed in the 40°N − 20°S latitudinal region. The maximum total precipitable water (TPW) trends are observed in the 0−20°N zone, with their slow decrease northwards. It is revealed that the change in the annual values of the TPW over the World Ocean with a change in SAT by 1 degree amounts to 3.1 mm or 11.0 % for 1979−1993 and 2.4 mm or 8.3 % for 1994–2019. This does not correspond to the Clausius – Clapeyron equation, implying the increase TPW by 6.5 % with a 1-degree increase in SAT. Water vapor is shown to be the dominant factor in the maximum greenhouse effect values, confined to the equatorial zone, with the increasing greenhouse effect moistly in the clear sky.
Keywords: hydrological cycle, ocean-atmosphere moisture exchange, trends, greenhouse effect, global warming, Clausius-Clapeyron equation
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