ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2020, Vol. 17, No. 7, pp. 215-226

Dynamics of the upwelling zone near the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea in the seasonal cycle (May – September) based on satellite mean long-term temperature data (2003–2019)

A.I. Ginzburg 1 , A.G. Kostianoy 1, 2, 3 , N.A. Sheremet 1 
1 Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia
2 Witte Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
3 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 27.11.2020
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2020-17-7-215-226
The study of the dynamics of the upwelling zone near the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea and the identification of the characteristic months of formation of the mesoscale elements of water circulation that determine it were carried out using the infrared satellite data of MODIS-Aqua gathered in the NASA Giovanni on-line data system. The maps of the Caspian surface temperature (SST) with monthly averaging for each of the five months of the upwelling season (May – September) of the 17 year period 2003–2019 were analyzed, as well as multiyear average (17-year averaged) SST maps for each of these five months. It was found that the position of the northern boundary of the upwelling zone, which changes on mean long-term SST maps from 44.3° N to in June – July up to 45° N in August – September, depends on (i) the invasion (mainly in June – July) of streams of warm water from the Northern Caspian to the Middle Caspian along the western coast of the Tyub-Karagan Peninsula that excluded local upwelling, and (ii) the formation of cyclonic eddies at the upwelling front near the Tyub-Karagan coast, typical of August – September, transporting the transformed upwelling waters to the west and southwest for distances up to 100 km. Displacement of the southern border of the zone to the north from 39.4° N in May and June to 40–40.6° N in July – September and areas of minimum temperatures from 41–42° N in June to ~42.6–43.5° N in July – September is determined by the invasion of the tongues of the Southern Caspian waters into the Middle Caspian along the coast within the approximately 50-meter isobath, most often in July – October (with easterly winds). Comparison of mean long-term SST fields (satellite data for 2003–2019) with climatic SST fields in the atlas (Kosarev, Tuzhilkin, 1995) showed their good agreement for June – August and a significant difference for September (the shift in the atlas of the minimum temperature region to the north from 41–42° N in June to 43–45° N in September). Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Keywords: Caspian Sea, upwelling near the eastern coast, sea surface temperature, mean long-term temperature field, monthly mean temperature field, interannual variability, global warming, satellite data
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