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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2020, Vol. 17, No. 7, pp. 229-242

Sudden stratospheric warming over Antarctica in September 2019 from the data of the MTVZA-GYa radiometer on the Meteor-M No. 2-2 satellite

L.M. Mitnik 1 , V.P. Kuleshov 1 , M.L. Mitnik 1 
1 V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
Accepted: 02.11.2020
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2020-17-7-229-242
This paper presents the first results of measurements of an exceptionally rare large-scale atmospheric phenomenon — Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) in the Southern Hemisphere. Measurements made with the MTVZA-GYa scanning microwave (MW) temperature and humidity sounder of the atmosphere on the Meteor-M No. 2-2 new Russian meteorological satellite in the frequency range ν = 52.8 – 57.6 GHz give an idea of the variability of the Earth’s stratosphere and the upper troposphere temperature. When analyzing the time series of antenna temperatures Ta(ν) at 10 frequencies, a rapid (by several tens of degrees per week) increase in the temperature of the middle and lower stratosphere over Antarctica in late August – September 2019 was detected. Satellite data are in agreement with the vertical profiles of air temperature according to radiosondes released from the South Pole (station 89009) and from the coast of Antarctica (stations 89062, 89055, 89592, 89611, 89511, 89664 and 89532), the maximum lifting height of which is hmax = 28–34 km. The radiosonde profiles and reanalysis data were used to calculate brightness temperatures Tb(ν) and weighting functions of radiometer channels receiving outgoing Earth radiation at 5 frequencies of 52.8, 53.3, 53.8, 54.64 and 55.63 GHz, in a wide band (Δν = 400 MHz) and at 5 frequencies in the region of the oxygen resonance line centered at ν0= 57.2903 GHz, with a variable bandwidth. Tb(ν) was found by numerical integration of the microwave radiation transfer equation. The evolution of the SSW over the south polar region was traced using the time series of Ta(ν) fields constructed from MTVZA-GYa data from August 6 to September 30, 2019. From the accompanying measurements, it follows that the warming was accompanied by changes in atmospheric circulation in a vast region, drought and severe fires in Australia, a decrease in the area of the ozone hole over Antarctica, and a disturbance in the characteristics of the ionosphere.
Keywords: MTVZA-GYa microwave radiometer, Meteor-M No. 2-2, Sudden Stratospheric Warming, Southern Hemisphere, September 2019, brightness temperature, space-time variability, radiosondes, modeling
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