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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2020, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 213-227

Doppler spectrum of backscattered microwave signal: experiment at the river

M.S. Ryabkova 1 , V.Yu. Karaev 1 , M.A. Panfilova 1 , Yu.A. Titchenko 1 , E.M. Meshkov 1 , E.M. Zuikova 1 
1 Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Accepted: 14.09.2020
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2020-17-5-213-227
The Doppler spectrum was measured at incidence angles of less than 30° in the presence of a stationary river current. To describe the Doppler spectrum, in addition to the traditionally used width and shift, skewness and kurtosis coefficients were used, as well as the width of the Doppler spectrum, calculated through 4 and 2 central moments. Data processing showed that, unlike sea waves, the kurtosis coefficient is maximum at small incidence angles and decreases with increasing incidence angle. The dependences of the width and shift of the Doppler spectrum, the backscattering radar cross section, the skewness and kurtosis coefficients on the incidence angle and the direction of radar probing (azimuth angle) were calculated. To calculate the Doppler spectrum of the reflected signal according to the theoretical model, information is required on the statistical characteristics of the waves, which are found on the wave spectrum. Surface waves were modeled taking into account the speed and direction of the river current. A comparison of model estimates and experimental results showed that taking into account the river current in the wave spectrum can significantly improve the agreement between theory and experiment. The observed underestimation of the shift of the model Doppler spectrum in comparison with the experimental data in case of the upwind direction requires further research.
Keywords: velocity and direction of river current, width and shift of the Doppler spectrum, Kirchhoff approximation, small incidence angles, developing wind waves, skewness and kurtosis coefficients
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