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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2020, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 149-161

Doppler spectrum of microwave signal backscattered by sea surface at small incidence angles experiment

V.Yu. Karaev 1 , M.A. Panfilova 1 , M.S. Ryabkova 1 , Yu.A. Titchenko 1 , E.M. Meshkov 1 
1 Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Accepted: 30.12.2019
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2020-17-2-149-161
The analysis of the properties of the Doppler spectrum of microwave radar signal backscattered by the sea surface at incidence angles less than 19º is continued. The data were obtained during an experiment on an offshore oceanographic platform located in the Black Sea. To describe the Doppler spectrum, in addition to width and shift, skewness and kurtosis coefficients were first used. It is shown that the coefficients grow with increasing incidence angle and can be used to develop a quantitative criterion for the transition from the quasi-specular (Kirchhoff method) to the resonant (perturbation method) backscattering mechanism. An original radar data calibration procedure has been developed based on a theoretical scattering model and allowing comparison of measurements of different radars. When processing the experimental data, we used the procedure for determining the effective wind speed and effective dimensionless wind fetch for a selected model of the spectrum of wind waves. The sea wave spectrum reconstructed in this way was used to calculate the second-order statistical moments and determine the spectral and energy characteristics of the backscattered signal. Numerical estimates showed that the dependences of the backscattered radar cross section, width, and shift of the Doppler spectrum on the incidence angle correlate well with measurements at small incidence angles (<8–14º). Comparison of the mean square slopes of the large-scale (compared to the radar wavelength) waves calculated from the wind wave spectrum and reconstructed from the angular dependence of the backscattered radar cross section, showed good agreement. To describe the scattering in the transition region of incidence angles (~10–20º), it is necessary to take into account the resonant backscattering mechanism.
Keywords: width and shift of the Doppler spectrum, Kirchhoff approximation, two-scale model of scattering surface, small incidence angles, wind waves, antenna beam
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