Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2020, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 80-88
The effect of radiation on key parameters of matrix photodetector devices
A.A. Kobeleva
1 , S.V. Voronkov
1 , S.A. Prokhorova
1 1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 16.01.2020
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2020-17-1-80-88
The characteristics of a stellar sensor are largely determined by the matrix photodetector (FPU) underlying it. The key characteristics of the FPU include sensitivity, linearity and non-uniformity of sensitivity, as well as dynamic range and intrinsic noise. The impact of ionizing radiation from outer space leads to the degradation of these characteristics. This paper presents methods for measuring photometric parameters (dark signal in individual pixels, average value of the dark signal and standard deviation of the dark signal over the frame, structural component of noise, uneven pixel sensitivity, linearity of sensitivity). The nature of the FPU intrinsic noise is considered. The relationship between the measured parameters of the FPU and the nature of the noise is determined. The main factors affecting the magnitude of the noise are identified: temperature, ionization, defects in the structure of the semiconductor and exposure time. Two types of FPUs are used in stellar sensors of the BOKZ family: CCD arrays with a virtual phase and CMOS arrays with an 8-transistor cell structure. The radiation effects in the CMOS and CCD matrices are compared. The problem of choosing the temperature regime of FPU operation, including during radiation tests, is being raised. The advantages (reduction of FPU intrinsic noise, increase in dynamic range) and minuses (decrease in the number of annealed defects) of lowering the operating temperature of FPU are considered.
Keywords: star tracker, astrometry, photodetector, noise, ionizing radiation of outer space, dose effects, displacement effects, annealing, CMOS, CCD
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