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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2019, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 235-241

On the physical nature of Ka-band microwave backscattering due to wavy water surface

S.A. Ermakov 1, 2 , I.A. Sergievskaya 1 , V.A. Dobrokhotov 1 , I.A. Kapustin 1 , A.V. Kupaev 1 
1 Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
2 Volga State University of Water Transport, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
Accepted: 27.11.2019
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-6-235-241
The work is devoted to the study of the dynamic characteristics of the gravity-capillary waves of the cm-dm range with finite amplitude and their influence on the nature of Ka-band microwave backscattering at moderate incidence angles under laboratory conditions. Using the original visualization technique, we studied the profiles of steep gravity-capillary waves of cm-dm range that are characterized by some features, including areas with high curvature (bulge) and parasitic capillary ripples on the forward slope of the basic waves. The dependences of the dispersion of parasitic ripple slopes and the curvature of wave crests on wave amplitude and on surface concentration of surfactant film on the water surface are obtained. It was shown that the intensity of radar return from a clean surface is determined by both the Bragg and non-Bragg (unpolarized) components, while parasitic ripples influence mainly the Bragg component and ridges with high curvature determine the non-Bragg component. In the presence of film, the contribution of the non-Bragg component in the radar backscattering increases. As the experiment showed, this is because surfactant film more strongly depresses the parasitic ripples than reduces the curvature of the wave crests.
Keywords: gravity-capillary waves, parasitic capillary ripples, bulge, dispersion of ripple slopes, crest curvature, Bragg/non-Bragg components, surfactant film
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