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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2019, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 60-71

Some regularities of gradient parameters of GNSS tropospheric delay in Europe

V.V. Kalinnikov 1, 2 , O.G. Khutorova 1 
1 Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
2 Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia
Accepted: 01.11.2019
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-6-60-71
The paper considers gradient parameters of tropospheric delays derived from the data of GNSS stations in Europe. It is established that the horizontal scale of the gradient parameters is about 50 km. A simple linear empirical model of the form ∂ZTD/∂l = a•G + b between the gradient of ZTD and the gradient parameter G gives a stable value a ≈ 0.21 km-1 at the annual level. In turn, the values of the coefficient b are of the order of 0.01 mm/km and apparently reflect the systematic errors in the estimates of tropospheric products. The vector of the gradient parameter in Europe usually points to south-east. Seasonal variations of the northern and eastern components of the gradient parameter are maximal in summer and minimal in winter. On average in Europe the hydrostatic component is about 34 % of total gradient parameter in summer and 59 % in winter. The vector of the hydrostatic component is turned on the average to the left relative to the vector of the total gradient parameter by 10 degrees in summer and 18 degrees in winter. Seasonal variations of the hydrostatic components in the northern and eastern directions are 33 and 28 % in summer and 88 and 69 % in winter relative to the corresponding components of total gradient parameter variations.
Keywords: GNSS, tropospheric delay, gradients
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