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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2019, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 155-168

Spatial-temporal dynamics of desertification in Black Lands

S.S. Shinkarenko 1 
1 Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology, Complex Meliorations and Agroforestry RAS, Volgograd, Russia
Accepted: 29.10.2019
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-6-155-168
The results of mapping the desertification points in the Black Lands from 1978 to 2018 are described in this paper. Geoinformation processing was carried out in the QGIS 3.2 program based on satellite data from Landsat and Sentinel-2. Open sands were marked by the NDVI index images classification, and then they were converted into a vector format. This made it possible to determine the areas of open sands, the age of desertification points in 2018, and the areas of overgrown and newly formed points. In the early 1980s, the desertification area in the Black Lands and Kizlyar pastures reached 3.5 thousand km2. An environmental disaster regime was declared in the region. Since 1990, the positive effect of sand-fixing and phyto-reclamation works begun in the second half of the 1980s as part of the General Plan to Combat Desertification of the Black Lands and Kizlyar Pastures has become relevant. In addition to phytomelioration, an improvement in the state of vegetation and soils was affected by a decrease in the number of livestock due to the economic situation in the 1990s and climate fluctuation favorable for vegetation. Currently, cattle stock is being restored to the values of the mid 90s of the XX century. And it causes a new desertification cycle of the Black Lands: in 2018, the area of mobile sand exceeded 600 km2 (against 160 km2 in 2002), which corresponds to the desertification areas of 1993–1995. The increase in the area of open sands is associated not with the expansion of existing points, but with the formation of new ones. For example, in 1995 there were about 11.2 thousand open sand masses with an average area of 5.3 hectares, in 2018 there were almost 19 thousand points with an average area of 3.3 hectares. Until the 1990s, 40–60 % of mobile sands were represented by very large massifs with an area of more than 1000 hectares, now desertification points up to 100 hectares predominate, and it means the possibility of a new “surge” in degradation processes in the region. For this reason, it is necessary to monitor the state of unstable landscapes for timely adoption of measures for their phytomelioration and regulation of pasture loads.
Keywords: desertification, natural vegetation, degradation, Landsat, Black Lands, Kalmykia, Astrakhan region, remote sensing
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