Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2019, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 147-157
Change in climatic conditions of winter runoff formation in the Upper Don basin revealed by satellite and ground data
1 Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 10.01.2019
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-1-147-157
A change in the formation of winter runoff in the Upper Don basin is considered comprehensively using satellite and ground data. The importance and influence of climatic parameters on winter runoff in the late XX – the early XXI centuries are evaluated. The terms of formation and melting, the duration of snow cover in the Upper Don are described. The snow water equivalent trend is negative over the winter with no precipitation trends. The decrease of snow water equivalent is due to significant increase in the number of days with the daily average temperature above zero, especially at the beginning and end of winter. It also results in the decrease of soil freezing, thus increasing the moisture content of the soil. As a result, the river runoff increase prevails in the whole Upper Don basin from December to February. Correlation and regression analysis between river runoff and climatic parameters in the period from December to March 1981–2014 confirms the above-mentioned connections. The most significant parameter for the runoff differs in each month. Thus, the increase of hydrological regime in Upper Don basin in the winter without any significant precipitation trends is due to the winter temperature mitigation. This process leads to the decrease of soil freezing and snow water equivalent.
Keywords: Upper Don basin, snow water equivalent, winter runoff, days with the temperature above zero, precipitation, snow cover, soil temperature
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