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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2018, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 131-140

On definition of temperature and salinity of sea water by means of active sounding of the ocean

A.S. Zapevalov 1 
1 Marine Hydrophysical Institute RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
Accepted: 19.11.2018
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2018-15-7-131-140
The known limitations in the use of microwave radiometers for remote determination of physico-chemical characteristics (temperature and salinity) of sea water require new approaches to solve this problem. In this paper, the possibility of determining the temperature and salinity of the near-surface layer of the ocean by means of active radiosounding is analyzed. The main factor hampering the implementation of this approach is the dependence of the scattered radio signal on the level of the spectral density of resonant surface waves which varies widely. Changes in the radio signal caused by changes in the spectral density of resonant waves occur within a much wider range than changes caused by variations in temperature or salinity. To reduce the effect of this factor on the results of measurements, it is proposed to use the polarization ratio. It is shown that the sensitivity of the polarization ratio to changes in temperature and salinity is of the same order of magnitude as the sensitivity to these parameters of radiometric measurements. The polarization ratio is also affected by changes in the level of sea surface roughness. It is influenced by variations in the local angle of incidence caused by the presence of surface waves whose length is much greater than the length of the resonant waves. It is shown that changes in wind speed, which determine the characteristics of the roughness of the sea surface, approximately equally affect the polarization ratio and the brightness temperature.
Keywords: remote sensing of the Earth, active radio sounding, radiometric measurements, sea surface, inverse problems
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