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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2018, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 78-100

Microwave sensing of the ocean, atmosphere and land surface from Meteor-M No. 2 data

G.M. Chernyavsky 1 , L.M. Mitnik 2 , V.P. Kuleshov 2 , M.L. Mitnik 2 , I.V. Cherny 1 
1 STC Kosmonit of Russian Space Systems JSC, Moscow, Russia
2 V. I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
Accepted: 08.07.2018
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2018-15-4-78-100
The design features of MTVZA-GY microwave radiometer on board Meteor-M No. 2 meteorological satellite are considered, information on operation of the instrument in space is presented and the results of measurements over various physical and geographical regions of the Earth are described. The satellite was launched on 8 July 2014 to a solar-synchronous circular orbit with a height of 830 km. The 29 channels of the radiometer measure the rising radiation of the Earth at frequencies ν in the range from 10 to 190 GHz when scanning along a cone at an angle of 65° to the local normal. Internal calibration of MTVZA-GY channels is carried out on each scan and provides correction of gain variations and data representation in the antenna temperature scale TV,Ha(ν) on vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarizations. The transformation of TV,Ha(ν) into brightness temperatures TV,Hb(ν) was carried out from the calculated values of TV,Hb(ν) over homogeneous «hot» (Amazon forests) and «cold» (the ocean off the coast of Antarctica with weak wind and no clouds ) areas (external calibration). Comparison of the time series TV,Hb(ν) of MTVZA-GY and AMSR2 (on the Japan satellite GCOM-W1) over the test areas with a diameter of 200 km in the Amazon forests, Antarctica and Greenland demonstrates long-term stability of MTVZA-GYA operation. The global TV,Hb(ν) fields give an idea of the temperature of the ocean surface and the wind speed, the distribution of sea ice, the temperature of terrestrial and vegetative covers, Antarctica and Greenland, and the characteristics of cyclones over the ocean. In connection with the planned launches of Meteor-M No. 2-2 (December 2018) and Meteor-M No. 2-3 (2020) satellites with MTVZA-GY, the need to simulate brightness temperature, develop algorithms for parameter retrieving, calibration of radiometers and product validation is emphasized. The measurement data and products should be available to users in Russia and worldwide.
Keywords: remote sensing, microwave radiometry, calibration, validation, modeling, algorithms, MTVZA-GY, Meteor-M No. 2, AMSR2, brightness temperature, time series, long-term stability
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