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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2018, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 155-165

Measurement of soil moisture and temperature based on interference reception of linearly-polarized GLONASS and GPS signals

K.V. Muzalevskiy 1 , M.I. Mikhailov 1 
1 L. V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Accepted: 10.07.2018
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2018-15-4-155-165
This paper presents the results of a theoretical study of the potential for remote sensing of moisture of agricultural thawed soil, moisture and temperature in tundra frozen soil based on measurement of the ratio between reflection coefficients on linear-orthogonal polarizations (polarization index) from the interference patterns of GLONASS and GPS signals recorded near the Earth’s surface at frequencies of 1.2 and 1.6 GHz. The ranges of satellites elevation angles within which the coherent component exceeds the diffuse part in the mirror scattering of GLONASS and GPS signals by the surface roughness were estimated by Kirchhoff’s method. In the course of solving the direct problem, the “measured” polarization index of reflected waves was simulated (with addition of a random variable distributed according to the normal law) at two frequencies of 1.2 and 1.6 GHz using typical moisture and temperatures profiles of soils. It is shown that the polarization index is not sensitive enough to retrieve the layered structure of moisture in thawed and temperature profile in frozen soil, against the background noise (1.5–2 dB) of the recorded interference diagrams. The inverse problem of soil moisture and soil temperature retrieval from the “measured” polarization index was solved in the approximation of dielectrically-homogeneous half-space. It is shown that for all the profiles examined, regardless of frequency of GNSS signals, the maximum error in soil moisture and soil temperature retrieval does not exceed 0.03 cm3/cm3 and 1 °C, relative to the corresponding average values calculated for the topsoil of 1 cm.
Keywords: Global navigation satellite systems, GLONASS, GPS, reflectometry, soil moisture, soil temperature, agricultural soils, Arctic tundra soils
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