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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2018, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 206-220

Using data of dual-frequency rain radar for monitoring the formation and destruction of the ice cover on Lake Baikal in the autumn-winter of 2015–2016

V.Yu. Karaev 1 , M.A. Panfilova 1 , E.M. Meshkov 1 , G.N. Balandina 1 , Z.V. Andreeva 2 , A.A. Maksimov 2 
1 Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
2 State Research Center “Planeta”, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 06.10.2017
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2018-15-1-206-220
A study of the manifestations in the radar image of a two-frequency precipitation radar of satellite GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) of the process of formation and destruction of ice on Lake Baikal in the autumn-winter of 2015–2016 was carried out. For processing we chose three time intervals associated with three typical status of lake surface: 1) open water in November–December 2015; 2) ice cover at negative temperatures (dry ice) in February–March 2016, and 3) ice cover at positive air temperature (wet ice) in April-May 2016. For the first time the dependence of back scattering cross-section on the angle of incidence at small angles of incidence in the Ku and Ka-bands (0–18°) was investigated. It was shown that at transition from the rough water surface to the ice cover at small incidence angles there is a change in the function describing the dependence of backscatter radar cross section on incidence angle. At reflection from the water surface, the angular dependence of the radar cross section is described by a Gaussian function. The angular dependence for ice cover can be described by a fractional-rational function. The change of the form of the function describing the angular dependence in the Ku- and Ka-bands is a reliable indicator for separating water surface and ice cover. To apply this criterion, it is necessary to have measurements at few incidence angles. At transition to positive air temperature (wet ice), the backscatter radar cross section becomes much smaller than in the case of negative temperatures (dry ice) at the same incidence angles. Therefore regular monitoring of internal lakes allows revealing changes in ice state and detect ice melt process. With destruction of the ice cover, the angular dependence of backscatter radar cross section reverses to the Gaussian form.
Keywords: dual-frequency precipitation radar, radar cross section, inland waters, formation and destruction of ice cover, remote sensing at the small incidence angles
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