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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2018, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 123-137

Seasonal variability of backscattering coefficient based on Sentinel-1 radar images: a case study of Kotelny Island

K.A. Troshko 1, 2 , E.A. Baldina 1 
1 M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
2 Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 11.10.2017
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2018-15-1-123-137
New satellite radar system Sentintel-1 implements observation of polar regions with high frequency providing an opportunity of regular monitoring of these remote and poorly studied territories. A large amount of information obtained during the first years of this system exploitation allows estimating its value for characterization of these regions. We have examined a time series of Sentintel 1A/C-band SAR (synthetic aperture radar) backscatter coefficient for the period between November 2014 and November 2016 to assess their potential for detecting major seasonal changes of the surface within Kotelny Island (New Siberian Islands archipelago). Temporal backscatter signatures of ten test sites located within the typical landscapes of the island were analyzed. A set of additional information sources about the area (maps, optical images, meteorological data) used for radar images interpretation allowed revealing the main factors influencing the backscattering signal. The largest backscatter variations observed within the studied sites are associated with the processes accompanying the periods of established negative (freezing of active layer, snowfall) and positive (thawing of snow cover and active layer, vegetation growth) temperatures. Differences of backscatter within each image are related to peculiarities of the relief, soils, the type and density of vegetation, amount of standing water. A good separability of Arctic landscapes based on SAR backscatter trends makes it promising to use multi-temporal radar data for landscape types classification and mapping.
Keywords: Arctic, New Siberian Islands, Kotelny Island, tundra landscapes, permafrost, radar remote sensing, Sentinel-1, multi-temporal images, C-band, normalized radar cross section, NRCS temporal signatures, seasonal changes
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