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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2017, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 158-175

Satellite monitoring of forest fires in the 21st century in the territory of the Russian Federation (facts and figures based on active fires detection)

E.A. Loupian 1 , S.A. Bartalev 1 , I.V. Balashov 1 , V.A. Egorov 1 , D.V. Ershov 2, 1 , D.A. Kobets 1 , K.S. Senko 1 , F.V. Stytsenko 1 , I.G. Sychugov 1 
1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
2 Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 15.12.2017
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2017-14-6-158-175
Objective data on the burnt forest areas obtained over a long observation period are urgently needed for the studies of various processes connected with the occurrence and consequences of forest fires. This kind of information for the territory of Russia can only be obtained with the use of satellite observations because of its large area and heterogeneity. One of the most trusted sources of this information is based on the observations of active burning. These data have their drawbacks caused primarily by the low spatial resolution of the data used (from hundreds of meters to kilometers). At the same time they provide an acceptable frequency of observations to monitor the spreading of forest fires (several times a day). And what is most important about these data, the large, homogeneous (comparable in space and time) data sets have already been accumulated. It makes it possible to use the data not only for real-time monitoring of forest fire status, but also to obtain information about the long-term dynamics of the forest fires distribution in large areas. This paper presents the methodology of assessment and analysis of the forest burnt areas based on satellite observations of active burning developed at the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI RAS). This methodology has been used for more than ten years in a number of scientific and applied systems, including the Information System for Remote Monitoring of Forest Fires, the Federal Forestry Agency of the Russian Federation (ISDM Rosleskhoz, https://nffc.aviales.ru). Particular attention is paid to the issues of accuracy assessment of the obtained estimates. The paper also summarizes the capabilities of various tools implemented in the VEGA-Science system (http://sci-vega.ru/) for analysis of long time series on forest fires accumulated in the system. The main focus is presentation and discussion of data on forest fires, that occurred in the territory of Russia during the fire seasons of the years 2001–2016. The paper presents estimates of the areas, burnt by forest fires during this period. It should be noted, that the information given not only concerns the total burnt forest areas estimates in the territory of the country, but also the particular burnt area distribution between certain forest types and between specific periods of fire seasons. In particular, the paper concludes that although the dynamics of total burnt forest area did not demonstrate any significant trends, it is still notable that the average burnt forest areas have been considerably increased during the 21st century. The paper also provides information about the frequency of the fires occurrence in different areas and how it changed in specific periods of the 21st century.
Keywords: Earth observation satellites, information technologies, remote monitoring, forest resources, forest fires monitoring, forest burnt area in Russia
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