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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2017, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 255-270

Attenuation coefficient and dielectric permittivity of supercooled volume water in the temperature range 0…–90 °C at frequencies 11…140 GHz

G.S. Bordonskiy 1 , A.O. Orlov 1 , Yu.B. Khapin 2 
1 Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Chita, Russia
2 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 27.01.2017
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2017-14-3-255-270
While solving the problems of microwave radiation transferring in atmosphere aerosols, frozen earth covers and other natural and artificial dispersive media, it is essential to know dielectric parameters of supercooled volume water. Microwave properties of water have been well studied at positive temperatures, however, there are few works focused on supercooled water. Measurements of dielectric permittivity have been taken only at the temperature to 18 °C at maximum frequency of 9.61 GHz.
At the same time, there is a need in exact knowledge of electromagnetic water loss at lower temperatures and in a wide frequency range. It is especially required for a millimeter range where one can observe maximum specific attenuation of electromagnetic radiation. The main difficulty in such measurements is getting enough quantity of supercooled volume water for measurements at temperatures from –20 °C to –42 °C.
In the present study, we used wet nanoporous silicate materials, i.e. silica gels with average pore diameter 6–9 nm for deep supercooling when measuring dielectric water parameters over a frequency interval of 11…140 GHz. Under certain conditions, it is possible to supercool water to a temperature of –90 °C which would be close to volume water according to its physical characteristics.
The measurements made revealed a property unknown before, i.e. presence of some significant redundant losses at the temperatures below –30 °C as compared to the data from well-known models. For mathematical description of an imaginary part of relative dielectric permittivity, an additional summand represented as a sum of two Gaussian functions was introduced. One of them has an extremum close to –45 °C, another one has an extremum at
–60…–80 °C. Additional attenuation at –45 °C is supposed to be connected with the second critical water point which has been found before when using computer simulation and below this temperature at –60…–80 °C determined by the solid matrix properties and ferroelectric ice “0”.
Keywords: supercooled water, microwaves, dielectric properties, nanoporous media, second critical point of water, ferroelectric ice “0”
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