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Ice conditions in the Kerch Strait in the current century. Retrospective analysis based on satellite data

O.Yu. Lavrova¹ , M.I. Mityagina¹ , A.G. Kostianoy^{2, 3}

¹ Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
² P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia
³ S.Yu. Witte Moscow University, Moscow, Russia

Accepted: 18.04.2017
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2017-14-2-148-166

The results of a retrospective analysis of radar and optical satellite data, conducted to assess the ice situation in the Kerch Strait for the period 1999-2017, are presented. It was revealed that for the 2000s the cold winters became more frequent in comparison with previous years, and ice formation occurred in a later period, mainly in late January-early February, but in certain years, for example, in 2012, ice was observed until mid-March. With a decrease in air temperature and a strong wind of the northeastern and eastern directions, the formation of the ice cover in the strait occurred very rapidly, and when the southern cyclones penetrated the ice melted quickly. As a rule, several waves of cold were observed during one winter, each led to the formation of a new ice cover. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the ice situation in January-February 2017 and to the assessment of the influence of the structures of the Crimean Bridge on the propagation of drifting ice. Before the construction of the Bridge across the Kerch Strait in the cold winters, ice drifted freely from the Sea of Azov to the south along the western coast of the strait, and the construction of the bridge significantly influenced the drift of the ice.
Two waves of cold that reached the Sea of Azov in late January and in the first half of February 2017 led to the formation of ice on almost the entire sea area, and then to its cohesion and drift to the southern part of the sea due to the strong northward winds. As a result the Kerch Strait was packed with ice, which was not drifted to the Black Sea because the Crimean Bridge plays the role of the dam, which does not allow the ice to pass through itself (between the supports of the bridge). Consecutive daily satellite radar and optical images of high spatial resolution, obtained in the period from 4 to 17 February 2017, made it possible to trace in detail the interaction of the ice cover of the Sea of Azov and the Crimean Bridge under construction. It is a certain concern about the fact that the ice does not pass between the pillars of the bridge and all the ice mass (with northerly winds of 10-15 m/s and currents of 30-40 cm/s) pressures on the support. It is not known whether this effect was foreseen and numerically modeled by experts when the bridge was designed, but it is clear that now the Crimean Bridge requires annual satellite monitoring of ice conditions.

Keywords: The Sea of Azov, Kerch Strait, the Crimean bridge, satellite monitoring, radar images, optical images, ice conditions

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