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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2017, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 230-239

Generation of convective motion and dust vortices in unstably stratified atmosphere

O.G. Onishchenko 1, 2 , O.A. Pokhotelov 2 , N.M. Astafieva 1 
1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
2 O.Yu. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS, Moscow, Russia
Accepted: 14.02.2017
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2017-14-2-230-239
Inflow of dust in the atmosphere is determined by the numerous phenomena among which the most strong are sandy (dust) storms of synoptic scale. According to modern representations dust vortices can serve as seeds of dust storms. Whirlwinds with the helix-like ascending flow can transfer dust to great altitudes. The dust which is picked up by wind is transferred to long distances, having significant impact on global and regional climate. Influence of dust and aerosols on climate change in past, present and future is one of poorly studied processes. Dust which is pushed up by seasonal dust storms of the Sahara can substantially block sunlight, cooling the ocean. Influence of dust can be even more essential, than El Niño's influence, on generation of typhoons. Also process of generation of dust vortices is poorly analysed. In the present study in the framework of ideal hydrodynamics the new nonlinear model of generation of convective motions and dust vortices in unstably stratified atmosphere is developed. Using the nonlinear equations for internal gravity waves, the axially-symmetric model of generation of convective cells (plumes) is proposed. It is shown that in convectively unstable atmosphere possessing an external large-scale vorticity, from plumes small-scale intensive vertical whirlwinds are extremely rapidly generated. The structure of radial, vertical and toroidal velocity components in such whirlwinds is studied. It is found that the lowered pressure in whirlwinds with strong toroidal motion is responsible for "suction" of dust from the Earth's surface to the internal area of a whirlwind. The structure of a vertical vorticity and toroidal speed in internal and external regions of a whirlwind is analysed.
Keywords: Keywords: unstably stratified atmosphere, generation of convective motion, vortex structures, dust devils, numerical simulations
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