Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2016, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 213-223
Radiometer-polarimeter at 0.8 cm for field and laboratory measurements
V.M. Aniskovich
1 , А.V. Kuzmin
1 , D.S. Sazonov
1 , V.B. Khaikin
2, 3 1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
2 Special Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Zelenchukskaya, Russia
3 Scientific Industrial Firm "Iceberg-NT", St. Petersburg, Russia
Accepted: 25.02.2016
DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2016-13-2-213-223
The paper describes a microwave radiometer-polarimeter at 0.8 cm wavelength, a modulation radiometer with a center frequency of 36.0 GHz and bandwidth of 2 GHz. To switch between the polarizations of the incoming radiation, Faraday rotation of polarization plane (FRPP) unit is placed at the front end of the radiometer and after a corrugated horn antenna. The radiometer can operate in several modes; computer chooses one of them before measurements start. The modulation modes differ in number of radiation polarizations received by the radiometer: from one to four rotated by 0°, -45°, +45°, and 90° relative to the input waveguide of the microwave path. Beside radiometer data, the following data are also digitized and transmitted to the computer: (a) the data of two inclinometers in the angle range of ± 90° that are mounted on orthogonal planes and indicate the radiometer orientation; and (b) the data of three temperature sensors located on the modulator, microwave amplifier and radiometer housing. All elements of the radiometer including additional ADCs, power supplies and device drivers are installed in a sealed aluminum enclosure, which is maintained by thermostating device at temperature of about 42°C within the range of 0.1°C in the plate where all microwave devices are fixed. Radiometer sensitivity in receiving mode of four polarizations is less than 0.1 K for the accumulation time of 1 second. For calibration of the radiometer, two wide-temperature-controlled transmitters configured for temperatures 310.5 K and 342.4 K are used.
Keywords: microwave radiation, microwave radiometer, radiometer-polarimeter, remote sensing, wide-emitter
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