Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2015, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 33-52
Environmental studies by radiophysical methods. Creation and history of science direction “Radiophysical satellite investigations of the Earth”
M.D. Raev
1 , E.A. Sharkov
1 1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
The paper is devoted to the history of creation and evolution of the Earth Research from Space Department (ERS) of Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI RAS). We pay tribute to researchers of ERS who were founders and leaders of radiophysical satellite investigations of the Earth both in our country and in the world practice of microwave remote sensing. The most important events and achievements in the history of ERS are briefly described. At first aircraft, and later satellite experiments in multichannel microwave passive and active remote sensing of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere using high-sensitive instruments, developed by ERS scientists, yielded a diversity of unique scientific results. These results became a basis for the development of a whole variety of research directions in studies of ocean surface, ice covers in polar regions, atmospheric catastrophes and others. Information products and techniques developed were used in a number of industrial and environmental applications.
Keywords: Earth research from space, microwave passive remote sensing, synthetic aperture radar, sea surface, internal waves; anthropogenic and biogenic pollution, atmospheric catastrophe, planet climate, laser plasma
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