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ISSN 2070-7401 (Print), ISSN 2411-0280 (Online)
Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH FROM SPACE

  

Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, 2015, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 76-97

Microwave radiometric studies of the sea surface

А.V. Kuzmin 1 , I.A. Repina 2, 1 , I.N. Sadovsky 1 , А.B. Selunsky 1 
1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia
2 A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS, Moscow, Russia
The article presents a review of main scientific results in the field of microwave radiometric studies of the sea surface obtained by a team of researchers of Space Research Institute RAS (IKI RAS). Theoretical investigation of formation of electromagnetic radiation of a rough sea surface is described. The focus is on the problem of short gravity-capillary waves radiation, modern methods and approaches to solving it are presented. A considerable part of the review is devoted to the description of experimental studies conducted by the team for the past decades. Among the main results of airborne experiments we should note detection of an effect of azimuthal anisotropy of sea surface radiation (which is today the cornerstone in determining wind speed and direction over the sea surface) and the resonance mechanism of its formation by small scale waves. The latter grew into a new theory that received the name of critical phenomena theory. Certain aspects of the theory are still being investigated in laboratory experiments. Multiple field experiments conducted by researchers of IKI RAS on two sites - the Southern Division of IO RAS and MGI RAS – center on interaction processes of ocean and atmosphere. Another important direction of research is determination of wind-wave spectra by NRRS method developed by IKI RAS and identification of their relation with a set of hydrometeorological parameters. All measurements are made using a complex of radiometers and polarimeters developed by the IKI RAS research team. At present, the new stage of research and development activities is associated with the inclusion of the Convergence Project into the program of long-term scientific investigations on the Russian Segment of the International Space Station.
Keywords: microwave radiometer, radiometry, radio polarimetric measurements, sea surface, own radiation, theory of microwave emission, critical phenomena, natural experiment, polarizing anisotropy, gravity-capillary waves, GCW spectrum, wind speed and direction
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